“…Only one-third of economics principles instructors believe students learn best from lectures (Goffe and Kauper 2014). Consequently, to enhance learning outcomes, economics teachers have been complementing traditional "talk and chalk" pedagogical approaches with active learning techniques (Gundersen and Shwachman Kaminaga 2019;Beaudin et al 2017;Singh and Russo 2013). Numerous studies have found that students in classes with active learning techniques outperform students in traditional lecture-based classes (Yamarik 2007;Emerson and Taylor 2004).…”