One-step and green synthesis of a bio-based high-efficiency flame retardant for poly (lactic acid)

Green and Facile Synthesis of Bio-Based, Flame-Retardant, Latent Imidazole Curing Agent for Single-Component Epoxy Resin

“…Generally, introducing halogen-containing flame retardants is a common and efficient approach to address the flammability issue of polymeric materials. − Nonetheless, the application of halogen-containing flame retardants follows with a series of environmental and human-health issues. , Therefore, halogen-free flame retardants have drawn wide attention from both academic and industrial circles. In particular, phosphorus-containing flame retardants can simultaneously quench the high-energy fuel and promote the carbonization of the matrixes during combustion. − Hence, numerous phosphorus-containing flame retardants have been synthesized and introduced into EPs, e.g., phosphaphenanthrene, − ammonium polyphosphate, − organophosphate, − and cyclotriphosphazene. − Unlike the above petrochemical products, phytic acid (PA) originates from oil-bearing crops, which features a high phosphorus content of 28 wt %; thus, it has been recognized as one class of promising bio-based platform compounds. − To reduce the overexploitation of fossil resource and meet the sustainable development, many bio-based flame retardants derived from phytic acid have been developed. , For instance, Ye et al synthesized a phytic acid salt (PF) and applied it to flame-retardant poly­(lactic acid) (PLA). The resultant PLA exhibited enhanced flame retardancy, with a high LOI of 28.5% and a UL-94 V-0 rating.…”

Flame retardancy efficacy of phytic acid: An overview

“…Furfurylamine, an aromatic amine obtained from the reductive amination of furfural can also be, mixed with PA in order to manufacture organic FR for different polymeric materials. 83 In a recent study by Ye et al, 84 biobased FR consisted of furfurylamine (FA) and PA was synthesized by using the one-step green synthesis technique to endow PLA flame retardancy. In this case, amino group from FA interacted with phosphate groups from PA.…”

Flame retardancy of biodegradable polylactic acid with piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate as flame retardant

“…When the addition of these high-performance flame retardants was lower than 5%, the prepared PLA composite reached the UL-94 V-0 level. [65][66][67][68] However, unlike other flame-retardant polymer composites such as polypropylene and polyethylene composites, most of the reported flame-retardant PLA composite showed obvious melt dripping phenomenon. To some extent, the melt dripping of PLA composite can directly affect the UL-94 test result of the PLA composite.…”