One‐step deposition of nano‐to‐micron‐scalable, high‐quality digital image correlation patterns for high‐strain <i>in‐situ</i> multi‐microscopy testing

Hoefnagels, Jpm Johan; Maris, M.P.F.H.L. van; Vermeij, Tijmen

doi:10.1111/str.12330

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…A limitation of the technique is that very high pattern density, such as reported for thin-film remodeling based techniques [14,16,20], might not be possible. The density of the pattern seems to saturate with an average particle to particle spacing (center to center) of ∼4-6 times the particle diameter.…”

Section: Pattern Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cool, Dry, Nano-scale DIC Patterning of Delicate, Heterogeneous, Non-planar Specimens by Micro-mist Nebulization

Shafqat

2021

Exp Mech

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Background: Application of patterns to enable high-resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) at the small scale (μm/nm) is known to be very challenging as techniques developed for the macro- and mesoscale, such as spray painting, cannot be scaled down directly. Moreover, existing nano-patterning techniques all rely on harsh processing steps, based on high temperature, chemicals, physical contact, liquids, and/or high vacuum, that can easily damage fragile, small-scale, free-standing and/or hygro-sensitive specimens, such as MEMS or biological samples. Objective: To present a straightforward, inexpensive technique specially designed for nano-patterning highly delicate specimens for high-resolution DIC. Methods: The technique consists in a well-controlled nebulized micro-mist, containing predominantly no more than one nanoparticle per mist droplet. The micro-mist is subsequently dried, resulting in a flow of individual nanoparticles that are deposited on the specimen surface at near-room temperature. By having single nanoparticles falling on the specimen surface, the notoriously challenging task of controlling nanoparticle-nanoparticle and nanoparticle-surface interactions as a result of the complex droplet drying dynamics, e.g., in drop-casting, is circumvented. Results: High-quality patterns are demonstrated for a number of challenging cases of physically and chemically sensitive specimens with nanoparticles from 1 μm down to 50 nm in diameter. It is shown that the pattern can easily be scaled within (and probably beyond) this range, which is of special interest for micromechanical testing using in-situ microscopic imaging techniques, such as high-magnification optical microscopy, optical profilometry, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, etc. Conclusions: Delicate specimens can conveniently be patterned at near-room temperature ($\sim $ ∼ 37 ∘C), without exposure to chemicals, physical contact or vacuum, while the pattern density and speckle size can be easily tuned.

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Section: Pattern Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another significant alteration to the sputter-deposition based DIC patterning technique was recently reported by Hoefnagels et al [20], which also does not require a hightemperature remodeling step nor does it require immersion into a liquid. The technique hinges on sputter deposition of a low-temperature solder (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cool, Dry, Nano-scale DIC Patterning of Delicate, Heterogeneous, Non-planar Specimens by Micro-mist Nebulization

Shafqat

2021

Exp Mech

Self Cite

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“…Recent advances in the speckle pattern deposition allow producing consistent and controlled nanoscale patterns using simple methods, such as physical vapour deposition or multi-layer sputtering [95,96]. Additionally, improvements of the image correlation algorithms provide more information on the initiation and evolution of fibre-matrix decohesion [97].…”

Section: In Situ Mechanical Testing In Sem Coupled To Dicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanics serving polymer-based composite research

Pardoen¹,

Klavzer²,

Gayot³

et al. 2021

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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Tremendous progress in nanomechanical testing and modelling has been made during the last two decades. This progress emerged from different areas of materials science dealing with the mechanical behaviour of thin films and coatings, polymer blends, nanomaterials or microstructure constituents as well as from the rapidly growing field of MEMS. Nanomechanical test methods include, among others, nanoindentation, in-situ testing in a scanning or transmission electron microscope coupled with digital image correlation, atomic force microscopy with new advanced dynamic modes, micropillar compression or splitting, on-chip testing, or notched microbeam bending. These methods, when combined, reveal the elastic, plastic, creep, and fracture properties at the micro-and even the nanoscale. Modelling techniques including atomistic simulations and several coarse graining methods have been enriched to a level that allows treating complex size, interface or surface effects in a realistic way. Interestingly, the transfer of this paradigm to advanced long fibre-reinforced polymer composites has not been as intense compared to other fields. Here, we show that these methods put together can offer new perspectives for an improved characterisation of the response at the elementary fibre-matrix level, involving the interfaces and interphases. Yet, there are still many open issues left to resolve. In addition, this is the length scale, typically below 10 micrometres, * Corresponding author.

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“…Through recent advances in experimental mechanics, (in-situ) mechanical characterization of polycrystalline and multiphase metals at small scales is increasingly more accessible. Particularly, the development of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) patterning methods for in-situ Scanning Electron Microscopy based DIC (SEM-DIC) has lead to the capability of observing plastic deformation mechanisms from micrometer to nanometer scales [13,14,15,16,17,18]. In practice, SEM-DIC testing of these metals is commonly performed on bulk samples that are (mechanically) polished, of which the microstructure is characterized (with, e.g., Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD)), that are subsequently decorated with a DIC speckle pattern, and are finally tested by means of in-situ SEM-DIC, resulting in plastic strain fields over a certain millimeter or micrometer sized area in the microstructure [10,11,15,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nanomechanical testing framework yielding front&rear-sided, high-resolution, microstructure-correlated SEM-DIC strain fields

Vermeij¹,

Verstijnen²,

Cantador³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The continuous development of new multiphase alloys with improved mechanical properties requires quantitative microstructure-resolved observation of the nanoscale deformation mechanisms at, e.g., multiphase interfaces. This calls for a combinatory approach beyond advanced testing methods such as microscale strain mapping on bulk material and micrometer sized deformation tests of single grains. We propose a nanomechanical testing framework that has been carefully designed to integrate several state-of-the-art testing and characterization methods, including: (i) well-defined nano-tensile testing of carefully selected and isolated multiphase specimens, (ii) front&rear-sided SEM-EBSD microstructural characterization combined with front&rear-sided in-situ SEM-DIC testing at very high resolution enabled by a recently developed InSn nano-DIC speckle pattern, (iii) optimized DIC strain mapping aided by application of SEM scanning artefact correction and DIC deconvolution for improved spatial resolution, (iv) a novel microstructure-to-strain alignment framework to deliver front&rear-sided, nanoscale, microstructure-resolved strain fields, and (v) direct comparison of microstructure, strain and SEM-BSE damage maps in the deformed configuration. Demonstration on a micrometer-sized dual-phase steel specimen, containing an incompatible ferrite-martensite interface, shows how the nanoscale deformation mechanisms can be unraveled. Discrete lath-boundaryaligned martensite strain localizations transit over the interface into diffuse ferrite plasticity, revealed by the nanoscale front&rear-sided microstructure-to-strain alignment and optimization of DIC correlations. The proposed testing and alignment framework yields front&rear-sided aligned microstructure and strain fields providing 3D interpretation of the deformation and opening new opportunities for unprecedented validation of advanced multiphase simulations.

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One‐step deposition of nano‐to‐micron‐scalable, high‐quality digital image correlation patterns for high‐strain in‐situ multi‐microscopy testing

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Cool, Dry, Nano-scale DIC Patterning of Delicate, Heterogeneous, Non-planar Specimens by Micro-mist Nebulization

Cool, Dry, Nano-scale DIC Patterning of Delicate, Heterogeneous, Non-planar Specimens by Micro-mist Nebulization

Nanomechanics serving polymer-based composite research

A nanomechanical testing framework yielding front&rear-sided, high-resolution, microstructure-correlated SEM-DIC strain fields

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