One-step electrochemical elaboration of SnO2 modified electrode for lead ion trace detection in drinking water using SWASV

Electrochemical sensors modified with iron oxide nanoparticles/nanocomposites for voltammetric detection of Pb (II) in water: A review

“…As electron transfer occurs at the electrodes, the supporting electrolyte migrates to balance the charge and complete the electrical circuit, thus this electrolyte should be: (1) highly soluble in the solvent, (2) chemically and electrochemically inert in the conditions of the experiment, and (3) easy to purify [ 81 ]. Buffer solutions are widely employed as supporting electrolytes due to their possibility to prevent large pH deviations [ 168 ]. Maleki et al [ 42 ] evaluated the effect of 0.1 M buffer solutions of NaAc-Hac, Na 2 HPO 4 – NaH 2 PO 4 , and NH 4 Cl–HCl, at pH = 5.5 on detection of Pb 2+ in water using a CPE modified with second generation polyamidoamine dendrimer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @G2-PAD/CPE).…”

“…At lower pH values, the excess H + present in solution, gets adsorbed on the electrode surface and neutralizes the negative charge which in return reduces the adsorption of Pb 2+ [ 174 ]. Similarly, the protons present in solution at lower pH compete with Pb 2+ for the active electrode sites minimizing the amount of metal deposited on the electrode [ 42 , 168 ]. These phenomena thus lead to a reduction in the response peak redox currents.…”

Thiol-based chemically modified carbon screen-printed electrode for simultaneous quantification of trace level Pb(II) and Cd(II)

“…Various studies reveal, SWASV as a simple, efficient, and sensitive electro-analytical technique, for trace-level determination of heavy-metal ions resulting from different clinical, and industrial activities [19]. In recent reports, use of the SWASV technique with various modified electrodes has been studied for trace-level analysis of Pb(II) and Cd(II) [20][21][22].…”