One-step electrochemical preparation of a reduced graphene oxide/poly(sulfosalicylic acid) nanocomposite film for detection of acetaminophen and its application in human urine and serum studies

Abstract

A mild preparation tactics was developed for the fabrication of reduction graphene oxide (rGO) and poly (sulfosalicylic acid) (PSA) nanocomposite film by one-step electrochemical method. The nanocomposite film was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite were evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Based on the synergistic effect of rGO and PSA nanocomposite film, a sensitive electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen (AC) was successfully fabricated. The electrochemical reaction of AC at glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with PSA and rGO nanocomposite film (PSA/rGO/GCE) was proved to be a surface-controlled process involving the same number of protons and electrons. Under optimum experimental conditions, the anodic peak currents were linear over the AC concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 300 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.041 µM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the modified electrode was demonstrated its feasibility for analytical purposes in real samples. A linear calibration curve was obtained for the determination of AC in urine within the range 1 to 300 µM with a LOD of 0.36 µM under optimized conditions. In addition, the PSA/rGO/GCE was demonstrated in human serum with satisfactory results.

Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nitrophenol by Using Graphene Based Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes: A Mini Review

“…Chitosan nanocomposites, polyaniline nanocomposite, poly (p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) nanocomposites and poly(methylene blue) nanocomposites have also been applied for the electrocatalytic reduction 4-NPh [73][74][75][76]. The carbon substances and metallic nanoparticles composites include CNTs, AgNPs/CNT, Mesoporous, Graphene oxide (GO), molecularly imprinted Graphene, AgNPs/rGO, AuNPs/rGO, MnO 2 NPs/GO, RGO/PSA and GO-Chit as shown in Figure 5 [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]. The electrochemical methods include Cyclicvoltammetry, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV), Amperometry and Impedance Spectroscopy and all of these methods have been used for the detection of 4-NPh.…”

“…AgNps/GO nanocomposite was coated on GCE and it can be tested for the super electrochemical sensingof 4-NPh with the low detection limit of 0.114 μM. This nanocomposite exhibited the following characteristics such as stability, anti-interference and sensitivity [178]. Mohamed Noor et al reported the preparation of a reduced graphene oxide-silver (rGO-AgNPs) nanocomposite by using a microwave method and the rGO-AgNPs nanocomposite was modified on a GCE to provide rGO-AgNPs/GCE.…”

Development of a Thiol-capped Core/Shell Quantum Dot Sensor for Acetaminophen

“…At present, detection of PPCPs is carried out under laboratory conditions utilizing highly expensive instruments, trained personnel, environmentally unfriendly solvent use and long analysis times. Techniques include high performance liquid chromatography, 13 electrochemical analysis 14 spectrophotometry 15 and chemiluminescence. 16 To circumvent these issues, simple analytical methods are being developed to detect low concentrations of AC.…”