“…62 ■ THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) STRUCTURE Surface texture design was recognized as the preliminary improvement to the microstructure of the electrode surfaces. Some researchers have dedicated their efforts to constructing 3D structures on electrode surfaces, 73 aiming to improve the wettability among gas/solid/liquid phases and accelerate the evolution and transport of bubbles on the electrodes. 74−90 ■ THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) ARRAYS OF NANOSTRUCTURES Nanorods, 37,77 nanoneedles, 78,79 nanowires, 80,81 nanosheets, 82,83 porous structures, 84,85 and their combination 86−90 are common 3D morphologies, which are usually obtained by hydrothermal or electrodeposition strategies (Figure 4a-b).…”