“…Laser-induced graphene (LIG) represents a distinctive layered form of graphene generated on polymer-based carbonous substrates using a CO 2 laser, offering a reagent-free and straightforward method for graphene production. , Undergoing sulfur doping through poly(ether sulfone) (PES) results in sulfur-doped LIG, showcasing superior electrocatalytic properties attributed to heightened charge storage and the creation of more active catalytic sites via carbon–sulfur interactions. , This variant of LIG boasts exceptional conductivity and catalytic activity, making it ideal for efficient power generation in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and presenting a scalable alternative to costly catalysts like platinum. , The laser-based production technique ensures high-purity graphene with outstanding structural integrity, allowing versatile use of carbon sources, precise property control, and integration into existing manufacturing processes. , Its rapid and cost-efficient graphene production has led to applications across diverse fields like energy storage, electrocatalysis, water treatment, and sensing due to its unmatched physicochemical properties . Notably, LIG’s antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofouling attributes make it pertinent in energy, environmental, and biomedical domains .…”