“…The N 1s spectrum at a binding energy of 398–400 eV was deconvoluted into 3 peaks centered at 397.9 eV, 399.8 eV, and 401.4 eV, corresponding to pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N, respectively [ 24 , 37 ]. The S 2p spectrum at a binding energy of ~163 eV was deconvoluted into 3 peaks centered at 163.2 eV, 164.4 eV, and 166.7~168.0 eV, corresponding to C–S, C=S, and -SO x , respectively [ 12 , 38 ]. The O 1s spectrum at a binding energy of ~532 eV was deconvoluted into 3 peaks centered at 531.2 eV, 532.5 eV, and 533.5 eV, corresponding to C=O, C–OH, and C–O–C, respectively [ 13 , 39 ].…”