One Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Magnesium Silicate Impregnated Palm Shell Waste Activated Carbon for Copper Ion Removal

Abstract

Magnesium silicate impregnated onto palm-shell waste activated carbon (PPAC) underwent mild hydrothermal treatment under one-pot synthesis, designated as PPAC-MC. Various impregnation ratios from 25 to 300% of MgSiO 3 onto PPAC were tested. High levels of MgSiO 3 led to high Cu(II) adsorption capacity. A ratio of 1:1 (PPAC-MS 100) was considered optimum because of its chemical stability in solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of PPAC-MS 100 for Cu(II) obtained by isotherm experiments was 369 mg g −1 . The kinetic adsorption data fitted to pseudo-second-order model revealed as chemisorption. Increasing ionic strength reduced Cu(II) adsorption capacity due to the competition effect between Na + and Cu 2+ . In addition, PPAC-MS 100 showed sufficient adsorption capacity for the removal of Zn(II), Al(III), Fe(II), Mn(II), and As(V), with adsorption capacities of 373 mg g −1 , 244 mg g −1 , 234 mg g −1 , 562 mg g −1 , 191 mg g −1 , respectively. Three regeneration studies were also conducted. PPAC-MS was characterized using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Overall, PPAC-MS 100 is a competitive adsorbent due to its high sorption capacity and sufficient regeneration rate, while remaining economical through the reuse of palm-shell waste materials.However, the adsorption method suffers in terms of developing efficient adsorbents together with reduction of removal capacity in the complex situation, while competing with chemical components [11]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient adsorbents which can be adapted to complex conditions with efficient binding capacity for not only single-type metal adsorption, but also complex PTMs compounds.Porous materials have advantages in adsorption due to their higher surface area and the ability to bind functional group on the surface [12]. Activated carbon is a type of porous material which is widely used for micropollutant adsorption because of its high specific surface area, adequate pore structure, and fast kinetic adsorption [13,14]. A great deal of research has investigated micropollutant removal using modified activated carbon with amine groups [15,16], Fe 2 O 3 impregnation [17,18], anionic surfactants [19,20] and others. However, commercial active carbon is expensive, thus, several studies have been conducted to find economical adsorbents such as bamboo [21,22], spent tea leaves [23], nut shell [24,25], sawdust [26], and cotton hull [27]. In this study, palm shell waste activated carbon (PPAC) was used, which is a cost-effective material [28].The effectiveness of magnesium silicate (MgSiO 3 ) for PTMs removal was recently studied [29], and it was noted that MgSiO 3 has the capability for ion exchange between Mg(II) and positively charged metal ions. However, nano-sized materials do not have a practical implementation for wastewater treatment because of separation difficulty in the treatment system and insufficient assessment of the...

Removal of Copper Ions in Wastewater by Adsorption onto a Green Adsorbent from Winemaking Wastes

“…The obtained spectrum shows two main peaks centered at around 933 eV and 953 eV which can be attributed with Cu 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 , respectively. In addition, Cu 2p 3/2 peak exhibits a shoulder band that could be indicating that the Cu 2+ components are different in chemical environment [27,28] as a previously reported. These observed peaks appeared at ∼934.3 eV and ∼932.6 eV and can be assigned to octa-coordinated of Cu 2+ ions and tetra-coordinated of Cu + -Cu 0 species [27,28].…”

“…In addition, Cu 2p 3/2 peak exhibits a shoulder band that could be indicating that the Cu 2+ components are different in chemical environment [27,28] as a previously reported. These observed peaks appeared at ∼934.3 eV and ∼932.6 eV and can be assigned to octa-coordinated of Cu 2+ ions and tetra-coordinated of Cu + -Cu 0 species [27,28]. It should be noted it is difficult to distinguish between Cu + and Cu 0 peaks, since the Cu 2p binding energies of both species are very close [29].…”

Removal of copper ions from wastewater by adsorption onto a green adsorbent from winemaking wastes

“…The obtained spectrum showed two main peaks, centered at approximately 933 eV and 953 eV, which could be attributed to Cu 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 , respectively. Additionally, the Cu 2p 3/2 peak exhibited a shoulder band, which could indicate that the Cu 2+ components were different in chemical environment, as a previously reported (Li et al 2015;Choong et al 2018). These observed peaks appeared at approximately 934.3 eV and 932.6 eV and could be assigned to octa-coordination of Cu 2+ ions and tetracoordination of Cu + -Cu 0 species (Li et al 2015;Choong et al 2018).…”

Recent Advances in Applications of Hybrid Graphene Materials for Metals Removal from Wastewater

“…Centrifugation, sedimentation, filtration, and other traditional separation methods deem to be ineffective and time consuming. On the other hand, magnetic GO (mGO) is synthesized via impregnation or co-precipitation methods [23][24][25][26][27] and can be easily separated by the aid of magnetic materials like Fe 3 O 4 or Fe 3 S 4. mGO is synthesized via impregnation or co-precipitation methods [23][24][25][26][27]. In the co-precipitation method, mGO is synthesized via the hydrothermal process by an in-situ reduction/decomposition of a metal precursor such as Fe 3 O 4, FeSO 4 , Fe(NO) 3 , or iron acetate on the surface of dispersed GO under sonication, see Figure 4.…”

“…Centrifugation, sedimentation, filtration, and other traditional separation methods deem to be ineffective and time consuming. On the other hand, magnetic GO (mGO) is synthesized via impregnation or co-precipitation methods [23][24][25][26][27] and can be easily separated by the aid of magnetic materials like Fe3O4 or Fe3S4. mGO is synthesized via impregnation or co-precipitation methods [23][24][25][26][27].…”