“…At present, precious metals (Pt and Pd) and their alloys are still the most effective catalysts for the small molecule oxidation-assisted hydrogen production system. 12,13 However, Ru is less expensive than Pt, which is one of the alternatives to Pt-based catalyst. 14 Thus, new methods may be investigated to increase the use of ruthenium metal and enhance its catalytic oxidizing capacity, which is essential to lower precious metal waste, develop appropriate non-Pt-based catalysts, and enhance their usage.…”