Two-dimensional (2D)
materials, such as graphene and transition-metal
chalcogenides, were shown in many works as very potent catalysts for
industrially important electrochemical reactions, such as oxygen reduction,
hydrogen and oxygen evolution, and carbon dioxide reduction. We critically
discuss here the development in the field, showing that not only dopants
but also impurities can have dramatic effects on catalysis. Note here
that the difference between dopant and impurity is merely semantic–dopant
is an impurity deliberately added to the material. We contest the
general belief that all doping has a positive effect on electrocatalysis.
We show that in many cases, dopants actually inhibit the electrochemistry
of 2D materials. This review provides a balanced view of the field
of 2D materials electrocatalysis.