microfluidic system with multiphase flow to intensify heterogeneous reactions, pre pare multiphase emulsions, and fabricate anisotropic functional materials.In a word, with its great advances in last several decades, multiphase flows in microfluidic system have shown numerous advantages, like fastening heat and mass transfer, reducing energy con sumption, improving productivity and purity, etc. Fortunately, because of the recent development and commercialization of micromachining technologies, microflu idic chips gradually moved from laboratory stage to practical application stage. There are also several comprehensive and accu rate Reviews that summarize the research on structural design, [9] system regulation, [10] and applications [11] of microfluidic technology. However, fewer articles focused on the latest technologies and achievements in the field of the multiphase flow control and its applications. In this Review, we aim to give a preliminary guidance for researchers with dif ferent backgrounds on the formation mechanisms, fabrication methods, and potential applications of multiphase microfluidics within different systems. We firstly presented the evolution of microfluidic device manufacture, followed by the mechanism and regulation methods of multiphase flow in microfluidic devices. Then the application of both single and double multi phase emulsions in industrial process optimization and new material preparation were described in details. By comparing the mechanism of manufacturing single droplets, microbub bles, liquid-liquid-liquid emulsions, and gas-liquid-liquid emulsions from various perspectives, researchers could obtain their first glance in the overall field of multiphase microfluidics and choose the system of manufacturing particles or materials with specific function that is most suitable for their application. At the end, we also introduced some lastly emerging tech nologies, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and machine deep learning, combined with microfluidic tech nology, illustrating the huge potential for diverse applications of the latter.
Development of Microfluidic DevicesThe recent progress in micromachining has broadened the selec tion of manufacturing technologies and materials for researchers and engineers to design complex and delicate microstructure that generates and manipulates multiphase flow. Generally, the most common fabrication methods of microfluidic devices can be Multiphase microfluidics enables an alternative approach with many possibilities in studying, analyzing, and manufacturing functional materials due to its numerous benefits over macroscale methods, such as its ultimate controllability, stability, heat and mass transfer capacity, etc. In addition to its immense potential in biomedical applications, multiphase microfluidics also offers new opportunities in various industrial practices including extraction, catalysis loading, and fabrication of ultralight materials. Herein, aiming to give preliminary guidance for researchers from different backgrounds, ...