One-step nanopatterning of conjugated polymers by electron-beam-assisted electropolymerization

Higuchi, Takeshi; Nishiyama, Hidetoshi; Suga, Mitsuo; Watanabe, Hisayuki; Takahara, Atsushi; Jinnai, Hiroshi

doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfv013

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The different peak intensities could be a consequence of the adsorbate geometry with the bound N lying closest to the surface 44 . After e-beam irradiation (ZnO+s + e), the overall intensity of the N 1s region decreases, and the N-H shoulder cannot be detected, possibly due to electron-induced deprotonation, desorption, and crosslinking of the adsorbed 2mIm 45,46 . The passivation is likely a result of the e-beam induced crosslinking that transforms the adsorbed 2mIm molecules into an oligomerized or polymeric coating, which inhibits the conversion of ZnO to ZIF-8 in the irradiated area, while the non-irradiated ZnO surface remains reactive during the 2mIm vapor treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-free bottom-up patterning of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

et al. 2022

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Patterning metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) at submicrometer scale is a crucial yet challenging task for their integration in miniaturized devices. Here we report an electron beam (e-beam) assisted, bottom-up approach for patterning of two MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF), ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. A mild pretreatment of metal oxide precursors with linker vapor leads to the sensitization of the oxide surface to e-beam irradiation, effectively inhibiting subsequent conversion of the oxide to ZIFs in irradiated areas, while ZIF growth in non-irradiated areas is not affected. Well-resolved patterns with features down to the scale of 100 nm can be achieved. This developer-free, all-vapor phase technique will facilitate the incorporation of MOFs in micro- and nanofabrication processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-free bottom-up patterning of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

et al. 2022

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“…Despite the demonstrations of e-beam and scanning probe microscopy tools to directly write polymeric, oxide, metallic, or other patterns with nm resolution, understanding of e-beam-driven reactions with organic and metal–organic precursors remains incomplete. − Therefore, here, only a preliminary discussion of possible reactions involved in the MOF patterning process is attempted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Beam Patterning of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Miao

Tsapatsis

2021

Chem. Mater.

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Development in patterning technique of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) will facilitate their integration in microelectronics, but controlling the structure of MOFs at the nanoscale remains a major challenge. We demonstrate that an electron beam (e-beam) can be used to pattern a zinc-imidazolate MOF, ZIF-L, at unprecedented resolution in a direct-write lithographic approach, where the electron-irradiated MOF functions either as a positive- or negative-tone resist depending on the level of exposure and developing solvent used. Nanosheets with adjustable thickness and other nanostructures can be obtained using a low e-beam with a controlled penetration depth. In addition, electron irradiation in ZIF-L leads to spatially directed crystallization to a prototypical MOF ZIF-8 via ligand-vapor treatment. This versatile strategy opens the door to e-beam-based processing of MOF materials for various applications.

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“…Moreover, CPs nanopillars have been recently demonstrated to enhance the redox efficiency of CPs facilitating the diffusion of the electrolyte [ 155 ] as well as increasing the active redox sites due to the enhanced active surface area. [ 156 ] For these reasons, efforts have been devoted to the study of innovative approaches to modify the CPs backbone as the introduction of optically active of functional groups, the manipulation of the solutions viscosity, but also blending approaches, to allow their patterning with different techniques (i.e., photolithography, [ 156,157 ] electron‐beam lithography, [ 158 ] laser, [ 159 ] and inkjet printing [ 160 ] ) further increasing the design of bioelectronic platforms allowing different interface topographies (i.e., wires, [ 161 ] needles, [ 118 ] pillars [ 146 ] ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Polymer‐Based Bioelectronic Platforms toward Sustainable and Biointegrated Devices: A Journey from Skin to Brain across Human Body Interfaces

Bettucci

Matrone

Santoro

2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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the human's body toward medical applications. [1] Coupling electronics with human tissues allows sensing, stimulating and possibly regulating biological functions. On these premises, a key paradigm of bioelectronics is to preserve the functionality of the biological environment upon coupling, in order to "observe biology through non-perturbing lenses". However, aiming to a seamless interface, the properties of common electronic components, based on metals or inorganic semiconductors, have major limitations to comply with the coupling requirements for cells, organs, and tissues. [2] In fact, inorganic materials might display mechanical rigidity (high Young's modulus ≈100 GPa), [3,4] surface degradation phenomena (oxidation) [5] and surface structure which increases interface capacitance. [6,7] Organic materials have so emerged combining mechanical flexibility, compatibility with large area and different surface functionalization processes, while keeping high electrical conductivity and reproducibility. [8,9] Particularly, these materials intrinsically display key properties such as tunable surface roughness, [10] surface chemical reactivity 11 , and Young's moduli ranging from 20 kPa to 3 GPa, [11,12] approaching the modulus of living tissue (10 kPa [13] ). However, the diversity of biological landscapes offered by the different human tissues, in terms of mechanical flexibility, interface functionalization, accessibility and biological activities defines sets of requirements so stringent that commonly for each tissue/organ coupling ad hoc devices and platforms have been developed. Hence, examining the three major human's body interfaces targeted by bioelectronics applications (skin, heart, and brain), this review focuses on the strategies that can be adopted by employing organic materials such as surface patterning, novel material synthesis and bio-functionalization in order to enhance tissue/organ-specific coupling performances. These aspects are investigated highlighting current and future main challenges and providing perspectives on the development of the next generation organic bioelectronics devices, thus envisioning systems that are: 1) able to adapt their interface in shape and size to comply with different curvilinear and hierarchical biological architectures and 2) combine sensing and stimulation to dynamically control biological functions for biomedical applications.

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One-step nanopatterning of conjugated polymers by electron-beam-assisted electropolymerization

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Solvent-free bottom-up patterning of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

Solvent-free bottom-up patterning of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

Electron Beam Patterning of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Conductive Polymer‐Based Bioelectronic Platforms toward Sustainable and Biointegrated Devices: A Journey from Skin to Brain across Human Body Interfaces

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