Acidophilic highly-photoluminescent
ionic liquid (IL)-modified
carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated directly from polyethylene glycol-2000
(PEG
2000N
) by a simple one-step hydrothermal method in
a system containing an IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C
4
mim]Br) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). In this process, PEG
2000N
works as the carbon source, [C
4
mim]Br as the
modifier, and HCl as the accelerator. CDs with low photoluminescence
(PL) intensity and quantum yields (QYs) were generated in the system
without H
+
, but CDs with high PL intensity and QYs could
be prepared after H
+
was introduced. Moreover, with the
increase of H
+
concentration, the QYs of the prepared CDs
increase subsequently, and the highest QY reaches up to 43%. The formation
mechanism was explored, and the results showed that H
+
changes
the surface groups of the CDs generated without H
+
into
those that exist on the CDs generated with H
+
, which further
improves the PL performance of the CDs. Different from most CDs reported
in the literature, the as-prepared CDs can still exhibit high PL intensity
even under strong acidic condition.