The immobilization of catalase (CAT), a crucial oxidoreductase
enzyme involved in quenching reactive oxygen species, on colloids
and nanoparticles presents a promising strategy to improve dispersion
and storage stability while maintaining its activity. Here, the immobilization
of CAT onto polymeric nanoparticles (positively (AL) or negatively
(SL) charged) was implemented directly (AL) or via surface functionalization
(SL) with water-soluble chitosan derivatives (glycol chitosan (GC)
and methyl glycol chitosan (MGC)). The interfacial properties were
optimized to obtain highly stable AL-CAT, SL-GC-CAT, and SL-MGC-CAT
dispersions, and confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of CAT
in the composites. Assessment of hydrogen peroxide decomposition ability
revealed that applying chitosan derivatives in the immobilization
process not only enhanced colloidal stability but also augmented the
activity and reusability of CAT. In particular, the use of MGC has
led to significant advances, indicating its potential for industrial
and biomedical applications. Overall, the findings highlight the advantages
of using chitosan derivatives in CAT immobilization processes to maintain
the stability and activity of the enzyme as well as provide important
data for the development of processable enzyme-based nanoparticle
systems to combat reactive oxygen species.