One‐step Solution‐Processed Formamidinium Lead Tribromide Formation for Better Reproducible Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Das, Jaykrushna; Subbiah, Anand S.; Mahuli, Neha; Singh, Roja; Sarkar, Shaibal K.

doi:10.1002/ente.201700362

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is well known that high efficiency and good stability PSCs require certain desirable perovskite film properties such as low defect density, high crystallinity, good coverage, and uniformity . The perovskite films can be prepared by different methods, such as solution techniques, thermal evaporation, and a combination of vapor and the solution processes . The majority of the early works reported focused on simple 1‐step or 2‐step solution techniques .…”

Section: The Summary Of Parameters Of Devices and Films For Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Ren

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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emergence of the hybrid organometal halide perovskite as photovoltaic absorbers had led to a breakthrough in the field of solar technologies. The perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) had accomplished a dramatic enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% in 2009 [1] to a lately announced certificated PCE of 23.3%, [2] outperforming not only other emerging technologies, but also a number of well-established photovoltaic technologies. The superior properties of hybrid organometal halide perovskite materials include high absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility, and low exciton binding energy making the material highly suitable for photovoltaic applications. [3][4][5][6] The theoretical maximum PCE for the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x -based PSCs is found to be 31.4%, [7] which approaches the Shockley-Queisser limit of 33% achieved by gallium arsenide solar cells. [8] Tremendous research efforts had been devoted for optimizing the device architecture, as well as deposition techniques and composition of different layers, in particular the perovskite absorber. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It is well known that high efficiency and good stability PSCs require certain desirable perovskite film properties such as low defect density, high crystallinity, good coverage, and uniformity. [16][17][18][19] The perovskite films can be prepared by different methods, such as solution techniques, [20,21] thermal evaporation, [22][23][24] and a combination of vapor and the solution A cryogenic process is introduced to control the crystallization of perovskite layers, eliminating the need for the use of environmentally harmful antisolvents. This process enables decoupling of the nucleation and the crystallization phases by inhibiting chemical reactions in as-cast precursor films rapidly cooled down by immersion in liquid nitrogen. The cooling is followed by blow-drying with nitrogen gas, which induces uniform precipitation of precursors due to the supersaturation of precursors in the residual solvents at very low temperature, while at the same time enhancing the evaporation of the residual solvents and preventing the ordered precursors/perovskite from redissolving into the residual solvents. Using the proposed techniques, the crystallization process can be initiated after the formation of a uniform precursor seed layer. The process is generally applicable to improve the performance of solar cells using perovskite films with different compositions, as demonstrated on three different types of mixed halide perovskites. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4% with open-circuit voltage (V OC ) = 1.14 V, short-circuit current density ( J SC ) = 23.5 mA cm −2 , and fill factor (FF) = 0.80 is achieved using the proposed cryogenic process.When humanity in the modern world consumes ever-increasing energy for the development of the infrastructure, growth of the economy and to raise the standard of living, securing clean and sustainable energy resources becomes a cri...

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Section: The Summary Of Parameters Of Devices and Films For Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Ren

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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“…To study injection of holes, thus the suitability of HTM‐ 1 for its application in PSCs, we recorded steady‐state photoluminescence (PL) and time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra (Figure ). In the absence of charge extraction layers, the FAPbBr 3 film exhibits an intense emission around 550 nm, attributable to the band‐to‐band recombination occurring within the perovskite structures, and the TRPL analysis revealed long‐lasting charge carriers ascertaining their good quality , . Expectedly, in the presence of HTM, the PL decays very fast inferring the efficient injection of holes from the VB of perovskite into the HOMO of HTM .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Open Circuit Voltage for Perovskite Solar Cells with S,Si‐Heteropentacene‐Based Hole Conductors

et al. 2018

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High photovoltage in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be achieved by designing new hole transporting materials (HTMs) with relatively deeper energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Here, we report on the synthesis of a new heteroacene-based HTM (HTM-1) and demonstrate its potential in the fabrication of FAPbBr 3 [FA = CH(NH 2 ) 2 ] PSCs yielding V OC as high as 1.55 V, a record value for this light harvester. The energetic position of the frontier orbitals of HTM-1 was estimated using electrochemical measurements, and the charge transport across the interfaces was studied using steadystate and time-resolved photoluminescence. When spiro-OMe- [a]

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“…21 The planar FAPbBr 3 device exhibited a PCE of 8.3% at a V oc of 1.35 V, while the device reproducibility and stability were highly susceptible to extrinsic environmental factors. 22 Zhang et al reported the chemical coordination strategy to Bsite of Pb 2+ using urea for high-voltage planar FAPbBr 3 device (>1.5 V). 23 In this field, incorporation of inorganic cations into unstable perovskite composition (FAPbI 3 and FAPbI 3−x Br x ) was shown to result in astonishingly phase stabilization with improved device performance.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, Sarkar et al reported a one-step approach for the preparation of FAPbBr 3 films with planar architectures favorable for the construction of tandem cells . The planar FAPbBr 3 device exhibited a PCE of 8.3% at a V oc of 1.35 V, while the device reproducibility and stability were highly susceptible to extrinsic environmental factors . Zhang et al reported the chemical coordination strategy to B-site of Pb 2+ using urea for high-voltage planar FAPbBr 3 device (>1.5 V) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtuning of the Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Lattice Plane for Efficient and Robust High-Voltage Planar Solar Cells Exceeding 1.5 V

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Iodide-free tribromide-based perovskites, with their wide bandgap of over 2.0 eV, are highly regarded as potential candidates for a photoelectrochemical water splitting system and the topmost cell in tandem solar cell. Herein, we report on the importance of microtuning of the crystal lattice by cesium incorporation into the A-site on low temperature processed formamidinium lead tribromide (CH(NH 2 ) 2 PbBr 3 = FAPbBr 3 ) perovskite films. The partial incorporation of cesium bromide (CsBr) into the FAPbBr 3 film tunes crystal-lattice interactions, resulting in a high-purity cubic crystal system with preferred orientation. An entirely low temperature processed planar photovoltaic device assembled with FAPbBr 3 containing 8% Cs (Cs 0.08 FA 0.92 PbBr 3 ) exhibited an optimum PCE (power conversion efficiency) of 8.56% with a V oc (open-circuit voltage) of 1.516 V, which is higher than the PCE of 7.07% and V oc of 1.428 V of the FAPbBr 3 device. Photoluminescenceintensity and temporal-imaging measurements were conducted by laser scanning confocal time-resolved microscopy (LCTM), which revealed that CsBr incorporation into a FAPbBr 3 film significantly suppresses the nonradiative recombination pathways and homogenizes the spatial distribution of photoluminescence. It was visualized that the incorporation of CsBr in FAPbBr 3 directly affects the bulk defect and photoluminescence properties, which provides evidence that Cs ions surely alleviate the segregation and aggregation of ions in the perovskite film. Notably, the Cs 0.08 FA 0.92 PbBr 3 film, with a carrier lifetime of about 270 ns, exhibited a 1.37-fold longer radiative recombination time than that (210 ns) observed for the FAPbBr 3 film. Furthermore, aging experiments without encapsulation under ambient (in air for 2000 h) and severe (65 °C and 65% RH for 500 h) conditions revealed that the Cs 0.08 FA 0.92 PbBr 3 devices were more robust than the FAPbBr 3 devices.

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One‐step Solution‐Processed Formamidinium Lead Tribromide Formation for Better Reproducible Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

High Open Circuit Voltage for Perovskite Solar Cells with S,Si‐Heteropentacene‐Based Hole Conductors

Microtuning of the Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Lattice Plane for Efficient and Robust High-Voltage Planar Solar Cells Exceeding 1.5 V

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