Metal–organic
frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of materials,
have been regarded as highly promising adsorbent materials for carbon
capture and sequestration (CCS). To date, most reported studies have
mainly focused on evaluating MOF candidates based on their adsorption
properties (e.g., selectivity) or their performance using a process
model. The overall environmental impact of this emerging new class
of materials remains unknown. Several aspects, including the energy
load and resource depletion from the MOF production process as well
as other steps in the life cycle system of MOF-based CCS, should also
be considered. Herein, we assess the impact of a diverse set of approximately
50 MOFs for CCS via life cycle assessment and molecular simulation.
Our results identify that, aside from the impact imposed by the CO2 separation process, the use of solvents (i.e., type and amount)
in the MOF production process plays a critical role. Particularly,
for environmental impacts such as the eutrophication potential, solvent
use can be the most significant contributor. Seeking greener alternatives
(e.g., methanol and water) and improving their recycle rates are therefore
essential. Comparing with the monoethanolamine scrubbing technology,
we have also identified several promising structures in this study.
The outcomes of this study are instrumental to the future development
of novel porous materials.