A novel entomopathogenic fungus of L. migratoria was identified as A. oryzae using a comparative sequence analysis of the ITS regions, aflatoxin B1 detection and morphological analysis. The fungus isolated from a dead locust collected in northwestern China was found to be pathogenic to the insect. Phylogenetic experiments revealed a 99% similarity between the fungus and those of three species, A. oryzae, A. flavus and A. parvisclerotigenus which are in the same branch of the Flavi section of the genus A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Downloaded by [New York University] at 13:39 12 June 2015Aspergillus. Tests to detect aflatoxin B1 demonstrated that this fungus is a non-aflatoxin B1 producer, unlike A. parvisclerotigenus. Furthermore, morphological comparison with A. oryzae and A. flavus revealed that Aspergillus sp. XJ-1 belongs to A. oryzae, and named as A. oryzae XJ-1. The results of bioassays against 3 rd instar locusts showed that mortality was dose-dependent and its median lethal concentrations were 3.3 × 10 8 , 1.7 × 10 7 and 7.2 × 10 6 conidia/ml on the 10th, 13th and 15th day post-inoculation. Therefore, the A. oryzae XJ-1 may have biocontrol potential against locusts.