Ongoing evolution of the potato on the altiplano of western Bolivia

Johns, Timothy; Keen, Susan L.

doi:10.1007/bf02859652

Cited by 67 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The presence and behavior of flying insects during flowering was monitored in five sites, and 12 insect species were identified. In all sites, Bombus funebris was observed visiting flowers from the different cultivars, supporting previous findings about the role of bumblebees (Hymenoptera) as active pollinators of potato flowers (Johns and Keen 1986). In Puno, hybrid progeny resulting from 20 different cross combinations, involving three wild and four cultivated potato species, were identified by AFLP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Hybridization between wild and cultivated potato species in the Peruvian Andes and biosafety implications for deployment of GM potatoes

Scurrah¹,

Celis-Gamboa²,

Chumbiauca³

et al. 2008

Euphytica

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The nature and extent of past and current hybridization between cultivated potato and wild relatives in nature is of interest to crop evolutionists, taxonomists, breeders and recently to molecular biologists because of the possibilities of inverse gene flow in the deployment of genetically-modified (GM) crops. This research proves that natural hybridization occurs in areas of potato diversity in the Andes, the possibilities for survival of these new hybrids, and shows a possible way forward in case of GM potatoes should prove advantageous in such areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…andigena (Johns and Keen 1986;Zimmerer and Spooner 1991;Quiros et al 1990). In general, tetraploid species are highly self-compatible in contrast with diploid species, which are mainly cross-pollinated due to self-incompatibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization between wild and cultivated potato species in the Peruvian Andes and biosafety implications for deployment of GM potatoes

Scurrah¹,

Celis-Gamboa²,

Chumbiauca³

et al. 2008

Euphytica

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“…The initiation of the Wrst Neo-Tuberosum populations was done "by some hundreds yards" away from modern cultivars (Simmonds 1966) which led Simmonds (1966) to state that out-pollination "was at worst infrequent and probably non-existent". Potatoes require vibratile buzzing to release pollen, and bumblebees are their main pollinators (Johns and Keen 1986;Scurrah et al 2008). Bumblebees typically forage over 70-631 m (Osborne et al 1999), but pollen from one Xower is usually deposited only across a limited number that are subsequently visited and gene Xow is generally restricted to very near neighbors (McPartlan and Dale 1994;Scurrah et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The single Andigenum origin of Neo-Tuberosum potato materials is not supported by microsatellite and plastid marker analyses

et al. 2009

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Neo-Tuberosum refers to cultivated potato adapted to long-day tuberization and a syndrome of related morphological and physiological traits, developed by intercrossing and selection of short-day adapted potatoes of the Solanum tuberosum Andigenum Group, native from the Andes of western Venezuela to northern Argentina. This re-creation of the modern potato helped support the theory of an Andigenum Group origin of potato in temperate regions and the possibility to access the largely untapped diversity of the Andigenum Group germplasm by base broadening breeding. This Neo-Tuberosum derived theory, the re-creation of the modern potato from Andigenum germplasm, has been universally accepted for almost 40 years, and has had tremendous impact in planning some breeding programs and supporting phylogenetic conclusions in cultivated potato. We show, with microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) and plastid DNA marker data, that Neo-Tuberosum germplasm is closely related to Chilotanum Group landraces from lowland south-central Chile rather than to Andigenum Group germplasm. We interpret this quite unexpected result to be caused by strong rapid selection against the original Andigenum clones after unintended hybridization with Chilotanum Group germplasm. In addition, we show that Neo-Tuberosum and Andigenum Group germplasm did not serve to broaden the overall genetic diversity of advanced potato varieties, but rather that Neo-Tuberosum lines and lines not using this germplasm are statistically identical with regard to genetic diversity as assessed by SSRs. These results question the long-standing Neo-Tuberosum derived theory and have implications in breeding programs and phylogenetic reconstructions of potato.

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“…However, this practice was not reported as an adaptation action in the survey, likely because it was not novel and so was not perceived as ''adaptation''. Additional or improved methods of enquiry may better capture diversity-based practices that farmers consciously and unconsciously use to mitigate risk and support crop adaptation, for instance capturing more detail on variety traits, their spatial and temporal arrangement in the landscape, farmers' seed selection and exchange practices, and the use of wild or weedy relatives (Brush et al 1981;Johns and Keen 1986;Thomas et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A multitude of varieties exists within Andean crops as a result of high variation in agroecological conditions, outcrossing with wild relatives, and long-standing cultural practices of seed selection and exchange (Brush et al 1981;Johns and Keen 1986;Zimmerer 1991;Thiele 1999). Andean farmers distinguish thousands of potato varieties on the basis of morphology, phenology, ecology, and organoleptic attributes (La Barre 1947;Brush et al 1992;de Haan 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and crop diversity: farmers’ perceptions and adaptation on the Bolivian Altiplano

Meldrum

Mijatović²,

Rojas

et al. 2017

Environ Dev Sustain

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Crop diversity is central to traditional risk management practices on the Andean Altiplano and may find renewed importance in adapting to climate change. This study explored the role of crop diversity in farmers' adaptation actions in eight Aymara communities on the northern Bolivian Altiplano. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including multifactor analysis and a community resilience selfassessment, we investigated how farmers' use of diversity in adaptation is related to their perceptions of crop and variety tolerances and other environmental, social, and economic factors. Few crops and varieties were perceived as tolerant to increasingly intense and unpredictable drought, frost, hail, and pest and disease outbreaks. Some local crops and varieties were perceived as vulnerable to emerging conditions (e.g. oca, papalisa, isaño), whereas bitter potatoes and wild relatives of quinoa and cañahua were perceived as highly stress tolerant and provide food in harsh periods. A total 19% of households surveyed (N = 193) had introduced new crops or varieties-often disease resistant or early maturing-as an adaptive action. Introduction of commercial crops was a common adaptation action, reflecting farmers' response to warming temperatures and changing economic opportunities, but greater sensitivity of the introduced crops may cause maladaptation. Despite intensification of cropping systems, households continue to maintain a median four potato varieties with different tolerance traits, yet this risk management practice was not perceived as adaptation. Strengthening resilience will require a combination of actions, including maintaining and expanding crop portfolios and restoring soil and ecosystem health, using both traditional and innovative approaches.

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Ongoing evolution of the potato on the altiplano of western Bolivia

Cited by 67 publications

References 20 publications

Hybridization between wild and cultivated potato species in the Peruvian Andes and biosafety implications for deployment of GM potatoes

Hybridization between wild and cultivated potato species in the Peruvian Andes and biosafety implications for deployment of GM potatoes

The single Andigenum origin of Neo-Tuberosum potato materials is not supported by microsatellite and plastid marker analyses

Climate change and crop diversity: farmers’ perceptions and adaptation on the Bolivian Altiplano

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