Ongoing Gender Inequity in Leadership Positions of Academic Oncology Programs

Gharzai, L.A.; Jagsi, Reshma

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0691

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3 Diversity in leadership also brings different perspectives and solutions to some of the most complex problems facing the health care industry today, while generating positive health outcomes. [4][5][6][7][8] In academic medical centers, women leaders maintain this momentum by serving as role models and by supporting the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women faculty, fellows, residents, and medical students. In U.S. academic medical centers, the position of department chair, one of the most influential leadership roles in academic medicine, is predominantly held by men (80%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Here to chair: Gender differences in the path to leadership

Sethuraman

Lin

Rounds

et al. 2021

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objective: Career paths leading to department chair positions are elusive. Women represent only 11% of academic emergency department (ED) chairs. It is unclear whether the pathway to chair is different for men and women; the characteristics, achievements, and qualifications among those who become ED chairs is unknown.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of curriculum vitae (CV) of current ED chairs in departments with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited residency programs. Former women chairs were included due to paucity of current women chairs. Statistics were calculated using bivariate and multivariate analysis.Results: Of 163 eligible chairs, 88 CV (54%) were obtained, including six former women chairs. A majority (86.4%) self-identified as White/Caucasian, 21.5% were women, 46% were chief residents, 28.4% completed additional postgraduate degrees, and 21.8% were fellowship trained. At time of chair appointment, 58% were professor rank, 53.5% held ED operations roles, and 32% served as vice chair. Women were more likely to be in educational (53% vs. 22%) versus operational (26% vs. 61%, p = 0.02) roles. Women obtained more advanced degrees (47% vs. 25%, p = 0.02), were awarded more nonfederal grants (median = 7 vs. 3, p = 0.04), and achieved more national committee leadership (median = 4 vs. 1, p = 0.02). There were no gender differences in fellowship training, awards, leadership training programs, publications, federal grants, or national/international lectures after adjusting for years in practice. Conclusion:While the majority of chairs held prior leadership roles in ED operations, only one in five women chairs did, suggesting gender differences in the path to chair attainment. These differences in paths may contribute to persistent gender disparities in ED chairs and may be influenced by career path choices, implicit bias, and structural barriers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Here to chair: Gender differences in the path to leadership

Sethuraman

Lin

Rounds

et al. 2021

Academic Emergency Medicine

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“…Of note, we found that sex was not independently associated with academic career placement. Unsurprisingly, we found that there is an overall underrepresentation of female surgeons in neurotology, an inequity that has been demonstrated in other specialties as well (7–9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Predictors of Career Placement Among American Neurotology Society Fellowship Graduates

Choe,

Hakimi,

Hoa

2023

Otol Neurotol

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and Objective To identify predictors of practice type and location after neurotology fellowship based on demographics and educational history. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting Conference programs from the American Neurotology Society Spring Meeting from 2016 to 2022. Main Outcome Measure Percentage of neurotologists who pursued academic careers. Results A total of 114 neurotology fellows were identified. Of the 98 individuals included in final analysis, 64 (65%) pursued academic careers. Fellows most likely to enter academic practice trained at a residency program ranked in the top 50% based on Doximity residency rankings by reputation (74 versus 45%, p < 0.01) or graduated from a residency program with a neurotology fellowship (82 versus 56%, p < 0.01). Graduates from fellowship programs in the Northeast were most likely to enter academic careers (83%). Fifty percent of neurotologists practiced in the same region as their residency training, and 48% practiced the same region as their fellowship. The region with the highest number of practicing neurotology graduates was the South (47%). Conclusion Residency program ranking and residency institutions with neurotology fellowships were the leading predictors of academic career placement in the field of neurotology. Many neurotologists tend to stay in a similar geographical location to where they underwent medical training.

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“…This inadequate representation of women in academic medicine may be described as a “leaky pipeline” which may be attributable to adverse institutional climate such as gender bias, harassment, disproportionate burden of service loads, and work-life imbalance such as childcare, eldercare, and home schooling demands on women’s career progression. Interventions that address the root cause of gender equity such as implicit bias training, inclusive search and recruitment processes, equitable leave policies, supportive mentoring, and effective institution-wide policies addressing harassment offer the most opportunity to repair the pathway [ 21 ]. Targeted, often affinity group-based, programs such as ELAM (Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine) may be useful to address the senior rank and leadership-related gender equity gaps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

United States Medical School Academic Faculty Workforce Diversity, Institutional Characteristics, and Geographical Distributions From 2014-2018

Ogunyemi¹,

Okekpe²,

Barrientos³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Academic healthcare workforce diversity is important in addressing health disparities. Our goal was to evaluate trends and associations in faculty diversity of United States (US) medical schools over a five-year period. MethodsWe analyzed the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Roster data of 151 US medical schools from 2014-2018. Outcome faculty variables were female gender, underrepresented in medicine (UiM), age, and professorial representation. Predictor variables included geographical distributions, and institutional characteristics. Statistical analysis included Jonckheere-Terpstra test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. ResultsFemale faculty increased from 37.6% to 40.4% (p<0.001), senior faculty (age >60 years) from 22.6% to 25.9% (p=0.001) while UiM faculty stayed relatively flat from 9.74% to 10.08% (p=0.773). UiM [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.39, p=0.015], and female faculty (aOR=0.3, p=0.001) had independently significantly decreased associations with professorial representation, while senior faculty had increased associations (aOR=3.82, p<0.001). Significant independent differences occurred in female, UiM, and professorial faculty distributions within US regions; Hispanic faculty were highest in Southwest (6.57%) and lowest in Midwest region (1.59%), while African-American faculty were highest in Southeast (8.15%) but lowest in the West (3.12%). UiM faculty had significantly independent decreased associations with MD/PhD degree (aOR=0.30, p=0.004) and higher US ranking institutions (aOR=0.45, p=0.009). ConclusionsFrom 2014 to 2018, female faculty increased modestly while the UiM faculty trend remained flat. Female and UiM faculty were less represented at the professor level. UiM faculty were less represented in higher-ranking institutions. Geographic location is associated with faculty diversity.

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Ongoing Gender Inequity in Leadership Positions of Academic Oncology Programs

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Here to chair: Gender differences in the path to leadership

Here to chair: Gender differences in the path to leadership

Predictors of Career Placement Among American Neurotology Society Fellowship Graduates

United States Medical School Academic Faculty Workforce Diversity, Institutional Characteristics, and Geographical Distributions From 2014-2018

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