Ongoing outbreak of Newcastle disease in Southern California, United States

Jandegian, Caitlin M.; Allen, Heather; Zack, Jon

doi:10.1111/tbed.13208

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Our results may be extrapolated to similar species with analogous supplementary feeding habits to the high-risk families we identified in our study, including species in the Paridae, Passerellidae, Cardinalidae and Parulidae families. For instance, high contact rates between chickens in multiple backyard flocks and wild bird species with natural histories similar to Tufted Titmice, Chipping Sparrows and Northern Cardinals may be one explanation for the accelerated spread of vNDV throughout backyard chickens across the southwestern United States during previous vNDV epidemics [ 53 – 55 ]. Given that we did observe multiple birds consume the supplemental feed, viral particles may be transmitted through that route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed

et al. 2022

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Backyard chickens are increasingly popular, and their husbandry varies widely. How backyard chickens are housed may influence the accessibility of chicken feed and water to wild birds, and thus, the contact rates between both groups. Increased contacts have implications for pathogen transmission; for instance, Newcastle disease virus or avian influenza virus may be transmitted to and from backyard chickens from contaminated water or feed. Given this potentially increased pathogen risk to wild birds and backyard chickens, we examined which wild bird species are likely to encounter backyard chickens and their resources. We performed a supplemental feeding experiment followed by observations at three sites associated with backyard chickens in North Georgia, USA. At each site, we identified the species of wild birds that: (a) shared habitat with the chickens, (b) had a higher frequency of detection relative to other species and (c) encountered the coops. We identified 14 wild bird species that entered the coops to consume supplemental feed and were considered high-risk for pathogen transmission. Our results provide evidence that contact between wild birds and backyard chickens is frequent and more common than previously believed, which has crucial epidemiological implications for wildlife managers and backyard chicken owners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed

et al. 2022

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“…Practices such as inconsistent husbandry management (103), poor vaccination compliance (258), and a reduction in national poultry "herd immunity (269)" perpetuate disease vulnerability to the commercial food supply and to native bird communities. Wet markets, the illicit pet bird trade, and poultry trafficking have instigated low-pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the Northeastern United States (270, 271) and were responsible for the 1972 (272), 2002 (273), and current virulent NDV outbreaks in California (274). In 2013, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations identified "smallholder livestock systems" as disproportionately large facilitators of infectious disease spread (275).…”

Section: Backyard Chickens and Biosecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Pathogen Transmission at the Backyard Chicken–Wild Bird Interface

2020

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Habitat conversion and the expansion of domesticated, invasive species into native habitats are increasingly recognized as drivers of pathogen emergence at the agricultural-wildlife interface. Poultry agriculture is one of the largest subsets of this interface, and pathogen spillover events between backyard chickens and wild birds are becoming more commonly reported. Native wild bird species are under numerous anthropogenic pressures, but the risks of pathogen spillover from domestic chickens have been historically underappreciated as a threat to wild birds. Now that the backyard chicken industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, it is imperative that the principles of biosecurity, specifically bioexclusion and biocontainment, are legislated and implemented. We reviewed the literature on spillover events of pathogens historically associated with poultry into wild birds. We also reviewed the reasons for biosecurity failures in backyard flocks that lead to those spillover events and provide recommendations for current and future backyard flock owners.

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“…Interestingly, the 2018–2020 vND outbreak affected poultry owners in the same Southern California counties as the previous 2002–2003 oubreak, further supporting the concept that individuals may not have or are not receiving the educational resources they need to uphold the health of their birds [ 1 ]. Considering the concentrated numbers of backyard birds that can be present in both suburban and urban areas [ 2 ], the 2018–2020 outbreak ultimately affected 476 premises in total. Among the affected areas, four were commercial premises [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outreach Efforts to Prevent Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Southern California

Figueroa

Escobedo

Solís

et al. 2022

Viruses

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In May 2018, an outbreak of virulent Newcastle disease (vND) affected backyard and commercial premises in Southern California. The re-occurrence of these outbreaks since the 1970s suggests that some poultry communities may not have reliable and stable resources available regarding biosecurity and disease prevention. Therefore, staff at the University of California, Davis (UCD) School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) began organizing educational events and learning more about the gamefowl breeder community through a needs assessment exercise, during which local feedstores and neighborhoods were also visited. Focus groups were organized with breeders in various cities within the regional quarantine area, established by the CDFA during the vND outbreak. The focus groups were aimed at creating open communication networks with gamefowl breeders in the affected area, as well as to learn about their current sources of information, learning preferences, and current management practices. With the input from gamefowl breeders, as well as funding and input from the CDFA and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), a quality assurance program called the “Gamefowl Wellness Program” was established. Educational content was created and published through the UCD Gamefowl Wellness Program poultry health website. Additionally, with the help of the CDFA, the USDA, and pharmaceutical companies, Newcastle disease vaccines and training for their application were provided to feedstores with gamefowl breeder clientele. Nurturing trust with these poultry communities allowed us to receive the information needed to develop effective outreach strategies that could better serve them. Responding to community concerns might be a way to garner the trust necessary to prevent or at least promptly detect foreign animal disease outbreaks.

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Ongoing outbreak of Newcastle disease in Southern California, United States

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed

Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed

A Review of Pathogen Transmission at the Backyard Chicken–Wild Bird Interface

Outreach Efforts to Prevent Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Southern California

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