Onion bulb extract can both reverse and prevent colitis in mice via inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and neutrophil activity

Abstract

Background Onion is one of the most commonly used plants in the traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. We recently demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of onion bulb extract (OBE) in reducing colitis severity in mice when administered at the same time of colitis induction. However, whether onion can reverse established colitis or even prevent its development has not been investigated. Hypothesis To test 1. whether OBE can reduce colitis severity when given either before (preventative approach) or after (treatment approach) colitis induction and if so, 2. what are the mechanisms by which onion can achieve these effects. Methods Colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration using treatment and preventative approaches. The severity of the inflammation was determined by the gross and histological assessments. The colonic level/activity of pro-inflammatory molecules and immune cell markers was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis. In vitro neutrophil superoxide release and survival was assessed by chemilumenecense and Annexin-V/7AAD assays respectively. Results OBE treatment significantly reduced colitis severity in both approaches, the colonic expression/activity profile of pro-inflammatory molecules, inhibited WKYMVm-induced superoxide release, and increased spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils in vitro . Conclusions OBE can be used as an effective option in the prevention and/or the treatment of established colitis.

Health‐promoting foods and food crops ofWest‐Africaorigin: The bioactive compounds and immunomodulating potential

“…They owe their medicinal properties to the presence of a wide range of bioactive compounds (Teshika et al, 2019). Over the years, studies have demonstrated the outstanding health benefits of onion as well as their bioactive compounds including anticancer (Tsuboki et al, 2016), antidiabetic (Jini & Sharmila, 2020), antimicrobial (Loredana et al, 2019), anti‐inflammatory (Jakaria et al, 2019), antiobesity (Lee et al, 2016), antioxidant (Ouyang et al, 2018), cardiovascular protective (Colina‐Coca et al, 2017), digestive system protective (Khajah et al, 2020), hepatorenal protective (Ahmed et al, 2017), immunomodulatory properties (Alkhedaide et al, 2017), neuroprotective (Salami et al, 2020), respiratory protective (El‐Hashim et al, 2020), and reproductive protective (Table 1) (Shokoohi et al, 2018).…”

“…Khajah et al (2020) Onion bulb extractIn vitro Dextran sodium sulfate colitis-induced mice Modulates the activity and the expression of important proinflammatory molecules and signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response Khajah et al (2019) Onion bulb extract In vitro House dust mite-challenged male mice Alleviates house dust mite-induced peribronchial and perivascular inflammation through AKT EGFR, and ERK1/2 pathway El-Hashim et al (2020) Onion-derived nanoparticles In vitro LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells Inhibits NO production Yamasaki et al (2021) Onion methanol extract In vitro Lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells Prevents LPS-stimulated increase in proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6, and IL-1β; TNF-α while downregulating COX-2 and iNOS and NO levels Jakaria et al (2019) Onion extract In vitro Rats Decreases eosinophil, and neutrophil counts while increasing lymphocytes counts; decreases PLA2 and WBC levels Ghorani et al (2018) Red onion peel extract In vitro LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells Decreases the release of NO; inhibits IL-1 and IL-6 Pagano et al (2020) Aged garlic extract (Allicin) In vivo BALB/c mice Protects an individual from schistosome infection Park et al (2014) Aged garlic extract (Ethyl linoleate) In vitro Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages Reduces NO and prostaglandin E-2 productions. Downregulates the expression of iNOS and COX2.…”

Differential biological activity of two extracts of ripe fruits of Carica candamarcensis Hook on human neutrophils

“…Recently, the number of studies on composition and characterization of the biological properties of several herbaceous plant species has increased, and they have demonstrated the rationality of their use as a therapeutic alternative to treating several health problems and disorders (Fabricant & Farnsworth, 2001). Several reports have presented promising results regarding the treatment of inflammatory diseases with vegetable extracts, using neutrophils responses as study models (Bedouhene et al, 2017;Kłeczek et al, 2019;Schepetkin et al, 2019;Chniguir et al, 2019a;Chniguir et al, 2019a;Khajah et al, 2020). Even though several potential biological activities of this plant have been characterized, the effect of C. candamarcensis fruits on the regulation of neutrophil responses during inflammatory processes is not very well understood currently.…”

Onion Biofortification Using Selenium Bionanofertilizer and its Bulk Source under Sandy Soil Conditions

“…For human health, onion is important herbal medicine, which can be eaten against several common diseases (e.g., asthma, atherosclerosis, bronchitis, and coughs). Several bioactives in onion could be considered crucial for human health [6], such as anticancer [7], anti-obesity [8], cardiovascular protective [9], immunomodulatory properties [10], hepatorenal protective [11], antioxidants [12], reproductive protective [13], antimicrobial activity [14], anti-inflammatory [15], neuroprotective [16], respiratory protective [17], anti-diabetic [18], and digestive system protective [19]. So, the producing onion biofortified with nutrients like Se is a crucial strategy for struggle of malnutrition.…”