Online Condition Monitoring of Sub-module Capacitors in MMC Enabled by Reduced Switching Frequency Sorting Scheme

Zhang, Chenming; Zhang, Weichi; Ethni, Salaheddine; Dahidah, Mohamed; Pickert, Volker; Khalfalla, Hamza

doi:10.1109/irec.2019.8754625

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The CM methods in the state-of-the-art that have better applicability to different modulation schemes and control strategies are also summarized in Table . I [15]- [21]. Some of these methods utilize additional hardware to measure the capacitor health-relevant information, such as the reference submodule (SM) in [17] and [18], the tunnel magnetoresistance sensor in [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitor Condition Monitoring for Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Charging Transient Voltage Analysis

Xia

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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This paper proposes a capacitor condition monitoring (CM) method for modular multilevel converter (MMC) in motor drive applications. The proposed method is based on wavelet decomposition of transient voltage signals, which is independent of modulation schemes and control strategies. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) change can be detected with a moderate computation requirement. Both simulation and experimental results have verified the performance of the proposed method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitor Condition Monitoring for Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Charging Transient Voltage Analysis

Xia

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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“…However, a double frequency circulating current injection is required in [16] and the methods in [17]- [19] are only suitable for the MMC without circulating current suppression control (CCSC). Besides, the Kalman filter (KM) algorithm [20] and fast-affine projection (FAP) algorithm [21] are adopted to estimate the SM capacitance in MMCs. In [22], a new non-contact current sensor is implemented to extract the SM capacitor current and RLS algorithm is adopted to estimate the capacitance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [22], a new non-contact current sensor is implemented to extract the SM capacitor current and RLS algorithm is adopted to estimate the capacitance. The direct monitoring methods in [15]- [21] are based on capacitor voltages, arm current and SM switching states, whose estimation errors are usually below 1%. However, in some applications, the precise switching states cannot be directly access by the controller, thus the methods in [15]- [21] would have trouble in practical application.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DSP is normally used to implement the control algorithm, while the FPGA is used to produce the switching states based on the modulation references received from the DSP. The existing capacitor monitoring methods require the precise SM switching states [15]- [21]. It means that the DSP is required to receive the precise SM switching states produced in the FPGA for the implementation of capacitor monitoring algorithm in the DSP, which would be difficult for the DSP to have such a high sampling speed and such a large calculation amount.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of the proposed strategy are: 1) It does not require SM switching states, but only the references. It can be directly implemented in the DSP controller, avoid fast sampling and transmission of precise switching states from FPGA to DSP controller, and greatly reduce computational burden in comparison with [15]- [21]. 2) It has the feature of noise immunity, which increases the accuracy of the capacitance monitoring in comparison with [24] and [27].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Submodule Capacitance Monitoring Strategy for Phase-Shifted Carrier Pulsewidth-Modulation-Based Modular Multilevel Converters

Liu

Deng

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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The capacitance monitoring is one of the important issues for the MMC to obtain high reliability. Since the pulse-width modulation (PWM) is usually implemented in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), the produced precise switching states in the FPGA cannot be directly access by the top Digital Signal Processor (DSP) controller, which poses challenges on the existing capacitance monitoring methods based on the precise switching states of the MMC. This paper presents a submodule (SM) capacitance monitoring strategy for the MMC with a simple algorithm, where the fundamental frequency components of the SM capacitor voltage and current are extracted to estimate the SM capacitance based on reference, but not the precise switching states. The proposed scheme not only simplifies the implementation and calculation, but also avoids control limitations and heavy communication burden between DSP and FPGA. Besides, the proposed strategy effectively eliminates noise impact from sensors and increases accuracy. Simulation and experimental studies are implemented, and the results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. 1 Index terms-Capacitance monitoring, modular multilevel converters, reliability, PSC-PWM, submodule I. INTRODUCTIONThe modular multilevel converter (MMC) has drawn considerable interests due to its advantages of modularity, scalability, high efficiency, low harmonic content and fault tolerance [1]- [3]. A multilevel voltage can be synthetized with the operation of the MMC and the SM switching frequency can be reduced without compromising the power quality [4]. Recently, the MMC is more attractive for renewable energy integration, medium-voltage motor drives, and electric railway supplies [5]- [7].The capacitor is one of the fragile components in the MMC [8]. Due to high energy density and low price [9], the

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Capacitance health monitoring in the modular multilevel converter using a method with minimum number of sensors and computational burden

Zoraghi‐Jedi,

Barakati,

Rahmani‐Haredasht

et al. 2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryThis paper proposes a method for capacitance health monitoring (CHM) of submodule capacitors in modular multilevel converters (MMCs) that uses a reduced number of voltage sensors. In the proposed method, the MMC arms are divided into some groups of submodules and one voltage sensor is used for each group. In addition, a capacitor voltage estimation technique with minimal computational complexity is used to determine the capacitor voltage. The ratio of the estimated to measured capacitor voltage during positive arm current is also used to demonstrate a simple and efficient capacitance monitoring method. Moreover, contrary to the limitations associated with traditional CHM methods, the proposed method reduces the required voltage sensors and minimizes data exchange between the power system and the central processor. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulation and experimental results under various operating conditions.

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Online Condition Monitoring of Sub-module Capacitors in MMC Enabled by Reduced Switching Frequency Sorting Scheme

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Capacitor Condition Monitoring for Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Charging Transient Voltage Analysis

Capacitor Condition Monitoring for Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Charging Transient Voltage Analysis

Submodule Capacitance Monitoring Strategy for Phase-Shifted Carrier Pulsewidth-Modulation-Based Modular Multilevel Converters

Capacitance health monitoring in the modular multilevel converter using a method with minimum number of sensors and computational burden

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