Online Learning and MOOCs: A Framework Proposal

Effects of Using Technological Innovations on Developing Tourism Education and Learning Methods: Paradigm Shift from Learning Outcomes Perspective

“…Twining (2009) discussed that virtual environment enable infusing playfulness into course design (Liburd and Hjalager, 2010). Murphy et al, (2015) stated that ICTs are powerfully global educational platform regarding their characteristics that impact learning instructional design and curricula. Buhalis and Law (2008) claimed that VLE facilitate course organization, activities, and learning discussion.…”

“…Scarce studies examined relationship effects of using technological innovation on tourism curriculum mapping and design. Murphy et al, (2015) emphasized that with internet access free MOOC, receiving feedback, grades and certification are available for all. The so called co-operative education improves students' grade average and in turn had a significant effect on the learning outcomes (Blair and Mille, 2004).…”

“…Accordingly, merging tourism learning theoretical knowledge with practical, internship, and social experiences positively impact tourism learning outcomes (Zagonari, 2009;Knowles et al, 2003;Pavel et al, 2015). Murphy et al, (2015) conceptualize improving tourism learning by three main online assessment; students/ learner to content (S2C), student/ learner to student/ learner (S2S), and student/ learner to teacher/trainer/tutor (S2T) that actually applied in some universities around the world. The assessment criteria concerning e-curriculum mapping design should correctly inform students where they went wrong and why, with corrective advice on areas for improvement (Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick, 2006).…”

“…Furthermore in e-learning, recognition is a key variable concerning online participation certification success. It relates positively to budgetary charge and granting providers; formal tourism recognition may charge the MOOCs (Murphy et al, 2015). Moreover, blended course design (BCD) is deeming to be the most suitable shape for tourism related to learning outcomes.…”

“…Songkram et al, (2015) presented that tourism is considered one of humanities and social sciences disciplines, so that the needed cognitive skills in tourism learning outcomes seen as problem solving, analytical, creative and applicative thinking. Online learning and training in tourism industry are used to update employees' business relations knowledge (Murphy et al, 2015). Maher (2004) and Betts (2008) proposed learning outcomes benefits as; putting student at the center of experienced knowledge, enhancing employability, and present open educational system.…”