Online Learning Environments, Learners’ Empowerment, and Learning Behavioral Engagement: The Mediating Role of Learning Motivation

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the influence of online learning environments on learners’ empowerment, learning behavioral engagement and learning motivation and examine the mediating role of learning motivation. A total of 398 (132 male and 266 female) students from a comprehensive university in China participated in questionnaire survey and reported on their perceived online learning environments, learners’ empowerment, learning behavioral engagement, and learning motivation. Results showed that online learning environments significantly and positively influenced learners’ empowerment, learning behavioral engagement, and learning motivation; learners’ empowerment is positively associated with learning behavioral engagement. Furthermore, learning motivation mediated the relation between online learning environments and learning behavioral engagement. These findings unraveled the associations of both the external factors (e.g., online learning environments) and the internal factors (e.g., learning motivation; learners’ empowerment) of affecting students’ online learning behavioral engagement, thereby contributing to our further understanding and exploration of the imperatives of the joint inherent and extrinsic driving mechanisms. This study highlighted the importance of constructing appropriate online learning environments in accelerating students’ learning behavioral engagement, and would suggest focusing on teachers’ conscientious behaviors of enhancing the awareness of online learning community and stimulating students’ learning motivation.

Intelligent Analysis System for Teaching and Learning Cognitive Engagement Based on Computer Vision in an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment

“…Among them, more people recognize the investment in three-dimensional learning, including cognitive investment, emotional investment, and behavioral investment. Cognitive engagement refers to the cognitive effort that learners put into the learning process, such as understanding, memorizing, analyzing, and solving problems [18]; emotional engagement refers to the emotional experience produced by learners, such as interest, enthusiasm, frustration, and satisfaction [19]; behavioral engagement refers to the actual actions shown by learners, such as class participation, group discussion, extracurricular research, and so on [20].…”