Online Measurement System in Reaction Monitoring for Determination of Structural and Elemental Composition Using Mass Spectrometry

Fleischer, Heidi; Tran-Quang, Vinh; Thurow, Kerstin

doi:10.1177/2472630318813838

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…26 Also, automated dilution processes, which are common in pharmaceutical and biological production quality control, have an analogous structure that combines continuous pumps for maintaining a constant flow rate with active splitters for mixing with dilution solvents. 27 The DTHS is defined as a hybrid automaton (HA) that is represented by the following tuple 28 :…”

Section: Double-tank Hybrid System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networked explicit hybrid predictive control of an industrial benchmark process

Younis,

Moness,

Moustafa

2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I:

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Hybrid systems have acquired deep attention in research as many systems in industries and laboratories manifest hybrid dynamic behaviors. Optimal control design for hybrid systems exhibits challenges for controlling the interacting continuous and discrete dynamics. A double-tank hybrid system (DTHS) is proposed in this paper with a mixed-integer actuation mechanism. The proposed DTHS aims to control the liquid level of the two tanks simultaneously by a networked hybrid predictive controller. Hybrid frameworks are provided to investigate the system through reachability analysis. An explicit hybrid model predictive control (EHMPC) has been developed to control the levels of the DTHS. Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is performed for assessing the performance of the EHMPC with a hardware real-time networked controller. The networked real-time controller is constructed and implemented using the Node.js frameworks. The simulation and realtime results are presented and discussed to evaluate the hybrid controller performance.

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Section: Double-tank Hybrid System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networked explicit hybrid predictive control of an industrial benchmark process

Younis,

Moness,

Moustafa

2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I:

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“…Conversely, online MS is particularly well-suited for the characterization and quantification of analytes up to trace levels, even in complex mixtures [40,42,43,47]. However, it may only provide relative (instead of absolute) numbers due to ionization suppression or enhancement effects [67][68][69][70][71] as the components may affect each other's ionization efficiencies.…”

Section: Inline Ft-ir and Online Ms Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In combination with online analysis, real-time reaction monitoring becomes possible, where intermediates and byproducts can be observed as well [9]. In particular, inline FT-IR spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry constitute promising analysis techniques that enable rapid quantification of reactants (analysis duration <1 min) [24,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous self-optimisation of yield and purity through successive combination of inline FT-IR spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry in flow reactions

et al. 2021

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Self-optimisation constitutes a very helpful tool for chemical process development, both in lab and in industrial applications. However, research on the application of model-free autonomous optimisation strategies (based on experimental investigation) for complex reactions of high industrial significance, which involve considerable intermediate and by-product formation, is still in an early stage. This article describes the development of an enhanced autonomous microfluidic reactor platform for organolithium and epoxide reactions that incorporates a successive combination of inline FT-IR spectrometer and online mass spectrometer. Experimental data is collected in real-time and used as feedback for the optimisation algorithms (modified Simplex algorithm and Design of Experiments) without time delay. An efficient approach to handle intricate optimisation problems is presented, where the inline FT-IR measurements are used to monitor the reaction’s main components, whereas the mass spectrometer’s high sensitivity permits insights into the formation of by-products. To demonstrate the platform’s flexibility, optimal reaction conditions of two organic syntheses are identified. Both pose several challenges, as complex reaction mechanisms are involved, leading to a large number of variable parameters, and a considerable amount of by-products is generated under non-ideal process conditions. Through multidimensional real-time optimisation, the platform supersedes labor- and cost-intensive work-up procedures, while diminishing waste generation, too. Thus, it renders production processes more efficient and contributes to their overall sustainability. Graphical abstract

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“…Packed-bed microreactors using regular capillaries provide the possibility to investigate heterogeneous catalysts in a more straightforward way due to their ease of implementation and fabrication using, for example, regular high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems. Continuous flow reactors are available for regular [7], electro-chemical [8] as well as catalytic [9] reactions. In the following, we will focus on catalysis using gold particles as an example.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%