Online measurements of fluoride ions in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis through ion chromatography

Advances in Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

“…online measured the content of fluoride ion at the cathode outlet under different temperatures and current densities by ion chromatography to evaluate the degradation of PEM under actual working conditions. [ 280 ] The fluoride concentration came to a maximum of 0.2–0.4 A cm −2 for the short stack. It is worth noting that a thinner membrane exhibits less degradation of fluoride ions per unit area which may be ascribed to the higher equivalent weight (Figure 19d).…”

“…d) Current sensitivity at 80 °C for the Nafion 117b CCM (left) and the Nafion 212 CCM (right) with 0.15 LPM recirculated water at the cathode side. Reproduced with permission [280]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier Ltd.…”

Monolayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets as Proton-Conductive Gas Barriers for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis

“…The decrease in the electrolyzer cell performance could be caused by the decomposition of Nafion. It is generally considered that permeated oxygen gas induces the generation of reactive active species (HO • and HOO • ) at the cathode, which results in the degradation of Nafion chains and the release of fluoride ions. , It was also reported that the degradation rate of Nafion could vary depending on the operating current density, and the concentration of fluoride ions at the cathode side was found to be maximized at 0.4 A cm –2 , while the fluoride content at the anode side was not changed and remained negligible compared to the cathode side. , To accelerate the decrease in cell performance, a long-term stability test was carried out at 0.4 A cm –2 . As shown in Figure , the potential of the electrolyzer cell containing hBN/Nafion increases by 15% from 1.96 to 2.26 V after 100 h of operation.…”

“…9,10 It was also reported that the degradation rate of Nafion could vary depending on the operating current density, and the concentration of fluoride ions at the cathode side was found to be maximized at 0.4 A cm −2 , while the fluoride content at the anode side was not changed and remained negligible compared to the cathode side. 46,47 To accelerate the decrease in cell performance, a long-term stability test was carried out at 0.4 A cm −2 . As shown in Figure 9, the potential of the electrolyzer cell containing hBN/Nafion increases by 15% from 1.96 to 2.26 V after 100 h of operation.…”

A polydiacetylene (PDA) impregnated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane for sensitive detection of fluoride ions

“…15 Therefore, the early detection of fluoride ions is essential for human and environmental welfare. Several techniques, such as 19 F NMR, 16 ion chromatography, 17 reverse phase HPLC, 18 potentiometry, 19 and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 20 are well established for the detection of F − ions. However, these methods are often expensive and require sophisticated instruments, significant technological prowess, trained manpower, and complex data analysis.…”