Online microdroplet calibration for accurate nanoparticle quantification in organic matrices

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

“…Matrix interferences remain a significant challenge to accurate NP sizing and number concentration determination by sp-ICP-TOF-MS. Online microdroplet calibration , involving multi-element droplet standards mixed with nebulised aerosols from a NP-containing sample in a dual-sample introduction system before entering the ICP, was used to determine absolute sensitivities and calibrate the mass amount(s) of analyte element(s) in particle events. 32 A plasma-uptake standard was added to NP-containing samples to account for variations in the nebulisation and TE of aerosols into the plasma, which were used in the determination of PNCs. Since the microdroplets experienced the same plasma conditions as analyte NPs, matrix-matched calibration was achieved.…”

Machine learning analysis to classify nanoparticles from noisy spICP-TOFMS data

“…† Nanoparticle suspensions of ENPs, INPs, NNPs, and mixture samples were analyzed using an icpTOF-S2 instrument (TOF-WERK AG, Thun, Switzerland) equipped with an online microdroplet calibration system, as described previously. 51,52 Sample aliquots were injected with a microFAST MC autosampler and a PFA pneumatic nebulizer (PFA-ST, Elemental Scientic, NE, USA) connected via a baffled cyclonic quartz spray chamber to the injector of the ICP torch. Additional instrument parameters are provided in Table S3.…”

Characterization of a high-sensitivity ICP-TOFMS instrument for microdroplet, nanoparticle, and microplastic analyses

“…This system has been described in detail elsewhere. 32 Microdroplets with diameters from 67-75 µm were introduced at 40 or 50 Hz into a 30 cm length of stainless-steel tubing. The microdroplets were sized using a Ximea xiQ microscope camera (XIMEA GmbH, Münster, Germany).…”