Online monitoring of surface cracks and delaminations in carbon fiber/epoxy composites using silver nanoparticle based ink

Augustin, Till; Grunert, Danny; Langner, Hauke H.; Haverkamp, Vico; Fiedler, Bodo

doi:10.1080/20550340.2017.1362508

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…More details on the manufacturing of the ink are described elsewhere. 17 Conductive paths with an interspace of 8.75 mm were printed parallel to the edges. As shown in Figure 1, two different path designs were printed, namely, a lined design (left), where the conductive paths lie parallel to each other and a crossed design (right), where the conductive paths of the two substrates are arranged perpendicular to each other.…”

Section: Materials and Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For carbon fiber–reinforced polymers (CFRPs), several studies demonstrate that the high electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers can be used for in situ strain and damage monitoring via electrical resistance measurements. 9–17 However, in glass fiber–reinforced polymers (GFRPs), both the polymeric matrix and the glass fibers are electrically insulating, and therefore electrical resistance measurements are not possible. The same goes for all other FRPs with non-conductive fiber materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and localization of impact damages in carbon nanotube–modified epoxy adhesive films with printed circuits

Augustin

Karsten

Fiedler

2017

Structural Health Monitoring

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The study deals with an online monitoring approach for adhesively bonded composite joints. A modification of epoxy-based adhesive films with carbon nanotubes allows for electrical resistance measurements through the bonding via inkjet-printed silver conductive circuits on the composites structure. Impact damages are introduced into adhesively bonded glass fiber–reinforced polymer specimens. In-plane and through-thickness electrical resistance measurements show the possibility of accurate damage detection and damage localization of the introduced damages in one or two dimensions, depending on the conductive path designs. The measured electrical resistance changes are compared with results from ultrasonic inspections and light microscopy observations. Furthermore, a linear correlation of electrical resistance and bond line thickness was found. The results demonstrate the applicability of the presented method in a structural health monitoring system.

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Section: Materials and Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and localization of impact damages in carbon nanotube–modified epoxy adhesive films with printed circuits

Augustin

Karsten

Fiedler

2017

Structural Health Monitoring

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“…1,2,3 Via the measurement and assessment of changes in the electrical properties of a structure, such networks are capable to provide information about the presence, position, extend and even the kind of damage. 4,5,6 Two options are established to apply such sensors to FRP: I) on the laminate surface 7,8,9 , II) interlaminar between the single layers 10,11,12 . The latter is advantageous since it can provide additional information about damaged or delaminated layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study on the effect of local cohesive property variation to single mode fracture models

Linke¹,

Lammering²

2022

Preprint

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In this work, the effect of local cohesive property variation on the fracture behavior of single mode fracture models is numerically investigated. In this context, 3D models for the double cantilever beam test and the end-notched flexure test are built. The bonded interface is considered in two variants: a) homogeneous and b) heterogeneous with a local patch of varying cohesive properties. In order to evaluate the effect of the patch to the fracture behavior, the cumulative damage is introduced as a criterion. Parameters of the patch, i.e. material properties, geometry and position, are varied in a parametric study. Conclusions about their effect on the cumulative damage are drawn and justified. Different conditions of the crack growth are considered, i.e. crack onset and propagation. The results of the study outline the importance of the geometrical design of the patch. Especially the orientation of non-squared patches has a large, disproportional effect on the cumulative damage. Also the fracture mode plays an important role. The obtained information can be used to optimize interlaminar integrated sensors as a mean of structural health monitoring.

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“…To increase reliability and cost-efficiency and to exploit higher potentials of lightweight design, various structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques have been developed to monitor the material integrity during service. Especially in carbon fibre reinforced polymers, electrical resistance measurements for strain and damage detection are an established SHM technique which enables monitoring of the whole structure [1][2][3][4][5]. However, resistive monitoring is not possible in unmodified GFRP parts like wind turbine rotor blades due to the lack of material conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitance measurements on integrated conductors for detection of matrix cracks in GFRP

Buggisch

Gagani

Fiedler

2021

Functional Composite Mater

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For the reliable and cost-efficient application of glass fibre polymer composites in structural applications, knowledge of the damage state of the material during operation is necessary. Within this work, a structural health monitoring method based on in-situ electrical capacitance measurements is presented, which enables damage monitoring in glass fibre reinforced polymers. For this purpose, individual glass fibre rovings in a non-crimp fabric were replaced by carbon fibre rovings at regular intervals. Additionally, specimens with solid or stranded copper conductors were manufactured to gain insights into the influences of conductor material and composition. The modified fabrics were implemented as 90∘ layers of [0/904]s glass fibre polymer cross-ply laminates. To monitor the progressive damage, conductive rovings were contacted, forming the capacitor walls of interleaved capacitors. Carbon fibre conductors show higher sensitivity of the capacitance to crack formation than solid or stranded copper conductors. Capacitance decrease measured in-situ during tensile tests on specimens with carbon fibre conductors shows a high correlation with crack initiation, further crack formation and speed of crack evolution. An analytical model can describe the correlation based on the assumptions of an ideal plate capacitor. Thus, the structural health monitoring method developed in this work can reveal in-situ knowledge of the material damage state.

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Online monitoring of surface cracks and delaminations in carbon fiber/epoxy composites using silver nanoparticle based ink

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Detection and localization of impact damages in carbon nanotube–modified epoxy adhesive films with printed circuits

Detection and localization of impact damages in carbon nanotube–modified epoxy adhesive films with printed circuits

A numerical study on the effect of local cohesive property variation to single mode fracture models

Capacitance measurements on integrated conductors for detection of matrix cracks in GFRP

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