Online Racial Discrimination, Critical Consciousness, and Psychosocial Distress Among Black and Latino Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model

Thomas, Alvin; Gale, Adrian; Golden, Alexandrea R.

doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01732-z

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is also possible that the negative consequences of these conversations may be attenuated by positive outcomes such as role fulfillment for college students who experience racial discrimination more frequently. Individuals who experience racial discrimination tend to be more involved in activism, potentially because they are invested in sociopolitical issues and creating a more equitable society (Hope et al, 2020; Szymanski, 2012; Thomas et al, 2023). Sociopolitical discussions may strain social relationships for most individuals and simultaneously impart a sense of fulfillment of one’s role as an engaged citizen (Ballard et al, 2019; Cialdini et al, 1982; Flanagan & Bundick, 2011; Malin et al, 2015; Piliavin & Siegl, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial discrimination moderates associations between sociopolitical discussions and internalizing problems among racially minoritized college students.

Rahal¹,

Singh²

2023

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objective: The present study investigated whether associations between sociopolitical discussions and mental health differed by racial discrimination among racially minoritized college students. We also tested whether associations differed between election years-when sociopolitical discussions may be more frequent-and nonelection years. Method: In November 2020, racially minoritized college students (N = 225; M age = 19.84, SD = 1.41; 72.89% female; 52.00% Asian, 22.67% Latino, 16.00% multiracial, 9.33% races including Black and Middle Eastern) reported how often they had experienced racial discrimination, their frequency of sociopolitical discussions with friends and family, and their mental health. Results: Results indicated that participants who had more frequent sociopolitical discussions with friends-but not family-only reported more internalizing problems if they had never or rarely experienced racial discrimination in the past year. To determine whether results were unique to discussions during election years, a second sample (N = 262; M age = 20.18, SD = 2.30; 82.53% female; 48.86% Asian, 18.56% Latino, 15.42% multiracial, 17.78% races including Black and Middle Eastern) was recruited 1 year later, and racial discrimination did not moderate associations between sociopolitical discussions and internalizing problems. Conclusions: Sociopolitical discussions with friends during presidential elections may be related to greater internalizing problems for racially minoritized college students who experience racial discrimination less frequently, potentially because they may feel less prepared or less motivated to have these conversations compared to racially minoritized college students who experience racial discrimination more frequently. Future studies should investigate means of promoting sociopolitical discussions on campus while attenuating the association between sociopolitical discussions and internalizing problems. Public Significance StatementCollege students who frequently have sociopolitical discussions with friends tend to have poorer mental health. Results highlight that efforts are needed to lessen the negative impacts of having these discussions with friends during election years and to avoid disproportionately burdening individuals who experience racial discrimination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial discrimination moderates associations between sociopolitical discussions and internalizing problems among racially minoritized college students.

Rahal¹,

Singh²

2023

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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“…Further research on youth of color (46% Latinx, 26% Asian) found that ethnic-racial discrimination was positively associated with critical reflection and action (Tyler et al, 2020). Discrimination in online settings has also been linked to critical agency and critical action among Black and Latinx youth (Thomas et al, 2023). Thus, ethnic-racial discrimination's relation with different facets of critical consciousness needs to be researched further, especially with Latinx youth, as no past study, to our knowledge, has examined this relation.…”

Section: Ethnic-racial Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have considered how cultural stressors influence critical consciousness across time with most studies focusing on cross-sectional relations (e.g., Hope et al, 2020; Maker Castro, Wray-Lake, et al, 2022; Singh et al, 2021; Thomas et al, 2023; Tyler et al, 2020) and longitudinal methods have been noted as an important next step (Maker Castro, Wray-Lake, et al, 2022). Examining whether cultural stressors can lead to growth in critical consciousness can further our understanding of sociopolitical development in Latinx youth.…”

Section: Critical Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural stress and critical consciousness among Latinx adolescents.

Gomez Alvarado,

Patel,

Salcido

et al. 2024

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objective: To examine how cultural stressors (ethnic-racial discrimination, immigration-related threat, and COVID-19 stress) influence critical reflection, motivation, and action among Latinx adolescents and whether parental preparation for bias moderates these relations. Method: One hundred thirty-five Latinx adolescents (M age = 16, 59.3% female, 85.2% U.S.-born) completed online surveys at two time points, 6 months apart. Results: Immigration-related threat was associated with greater Time 1 (T1) critical reflection (β = .31, p < .05) and Time 2 (T2) critical motivation (β = .24, p < .01). Preparation for bias moderated the relation between immigration-related threat and T1 critical action (β = .18, p < .01). COVID-19 stress was associated with greater T1 critical motivation (β = .24, p < .01) and T2 critical action (β = .18, p = .01). Conclusions: Cultural stressors may alert Latinx youth to systemic injustices in the United States, and combined with parental messages, may empower youth to address inequities. Public Significance StatementCultural stressors (i.e., immigration-related threat and COVID-19 stress) were associated with youths' understanding of broader social inequities, recognition of the importance of addressing social injustice, and actions taken to challenge these inequities. Further, parental conversations about bias were linked to greater youth engagement in action to create social change. This awareness and empowerment may support other positive outcomes like mental well-being and academic flourishing.

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“…Though the owness to change oppressive systems is not on Black youth, but rather the responsibility of the dominant group in power, adolescence is a fruitful time for youth to develop critical consciousness (Diemer et al, 2016). During this developmental period youth are actively exploring their social identities, have greater access to information about the social world, and are more likely to traverse different social contexts that increase their awareness of people's differential access to resources, as compared to experiences in childhood (Thomas et al, 2023). Youth who engage in critical consciousness processes during adolescence often experience positive socioemotional, academic, and civic outcomes (Heberle et al, 2020).…”

Section: Critical Consciousness Is Indeed Criticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black adolescents' experiences with racial socialization, racial identity, and critical reflection of need for school change of racial inequity

Griffin,

Bañales,

Hope

et al. 2024

Psychology in the Schools

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This preliminary investigation explored associations between Black adolescents' experiences with parental racial socialization (racial pride and racial barrier messages), dimensions of racial identity (centrality and private regard), and critical reflection regarding the need for school change of racial inequity. One hundred fifty‐one (78 girls; 73 boys) high school students from the southeastern United States were sampled for this self‐report cross‐sectional investigation. Findings revealed significant, positive total effects of racial pride and racial barrier socialization on critical reflection. Furthermore, a significant specific indirect relationship between racial pride socialization and critical reflection through centrality (small to medium effect), but not private regard. Unexpectedly, no significant indirect associations of perceived racial barrier socialization on critical reflection through racial identity dimensions were found. Implications for our findings are discussed for school‐based practitioners and policymakers.

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Online Racial Discrimination, Critical Consciousness, and Psychosocial Distress Among Black and Latino Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Racial discrimination moderates associations between sociopolitical discussions and internalizing problems among racially minoritized college students.

Racial discrimination moderates associations between sociopolitical discussions and internalizing problems among racially minoritized college students.

Cultural stress and critical consciousness among Latinx adolescents.

Black adolescents' experiences with racial socialization, racial identity, and critical reflection of need for school change of racial inequity

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