Online shopping as a substitute or complement to in-store shopping trips in Iran?

The Public–Private–People partnership (4P) is a significant element in disaster response. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic has been the worst disaster in the last decades in Iran in terms of exposure and magnitude. In order to respond effectively, the Iranian Government needs an extra capacity, which may be provided by the private sector and people. This study aims to collect evidences of 4P pertaining to the COVID-19 response in Iran from February to April 2020. Partnership case studies are classified into 3 categories: (1) Public–private partnerships; (2) public–people partnerships; and (3) private–people partnerships. It was found that the Iranian Government has removed or diminished some of the barriers to cooperation. There was also more cooperation between the people, the private sector, and the public sector than during normal times (vs disasters). People participated in the response procedure through some associations or groups, such as religious and ethnic communities, as well as through non-governmental organizations. It has been shown that 4P is vital in disaster response and, in particular, to epidemics. The government can be more active in partnerships with the private sector and people in emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Enhancing social capital, institutionalization, and developing required infrastructures by the government will improve public–private partnerships.

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“…27 This increased capacity was not exclusive to Digikala and many online shops have experienced such capacity. 29…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Public-Private-People Partnerships (4P) for Improving the Response to COVID-19 in Iran

Seddighi

Salmani

et al. 2020

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“…However, the latter effect was stronger than the former. Two other studies suggested a bidirectional, positive relationship between online shopping and the frequency of shopping travel, where the number of shopping trips had a larger effect on online shopping frequency than vice versa (Etminani-Ghasrodashti & Hamidi, 2020;Farag et al, 2007). Weltevreden (2007) further found evidence for cross-channel shopping, where shoppers consult price on one platform (online or in-store) before buying from the other, and found a neutrality effect.…”

Section: Online and In-store Shopping (With A Purchase Transaction)mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Shi, Cheng et al (2020), studying intangible services, found the opposite: shoppers switched from walking and bicycling to car and public transport. Etminani-Ghasrodashti and Hamidi (2020) showed that online shopping is negatively associated with car and public transport use for shopping travel. This suggests that online shopping may fulfil latent shopping demand from non-car owners and those lacking access to in-store shopping.…”

Section: Travel Mode Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of online shopping on travel demand: a systematic review

Carrel

Shah

2021

Transport Reviews

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The rise of e-commerce has led to substantial changes in personal travel and activities. We systematically reviewed empirical studies on the relationship between online shopping and personal travel behaviour. We synthesised and assessed the evidence for four types of effects on various travel outcomes, including trip frequency, travel distance, trip chaining, mode choice, and time use. In 42 articles reviewed, we found more evidence that online shopping substitutes for shopping travel. Most studies to date have focused on trip frequency but neglected other travel outcomes. Very few studies have considered the modification effect, which has significant implications for travel demand management. In sum, previous studies have not reached a consensus on the dominant effect of online shopping, in part due to the diversity in variable measurements, types of goods, study areas, and analytic methods. A limitation of previous studies is the reliance on cross-sectional surveys, which hinders the distinction between short-and long-term behaviours and between modification, complementarity, and substitution effects. Our study provides an agenda for future research on this topic and discusses policy implications related to land use, behavioural changes, data collection, and modelling for practitioners who wish to incorporate e-commerce in planning for sustainable urban systems.

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“…The first is that e-commerce is not growing at the same pace in every region of the globe. Research from 2020, conducted in Shiraz, Iran, by Etminani-Ghasrodashti and Hamidi, reveals that, for now, online shopping has a complementarity effect on in-store shopping ( 32 ). But they notice that “the proportion of online shopping among the study population is remarkable despite the barriers to access popular online applications in Iran.” This suggests that online shopping is likely to become even more popular as the study population becomes older and responsible for household shopping.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Interactions between Online Shopping, In-Store Shopping, and Weekly Travel Behavior using a 7-Day Shopping Survey in Lisbon, Portugal

Colaço

Silva

2021

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The steady growth of online shopping in the last decades has led to an impact on personal travel and on freight transport that is yet to be fully grasped. Previous research on the subject offers mixed findings, with several studies pointing to complementarity between online and in-store shopping, while others suggest substitution, modification, or neutrality. Using data from a 7-day shopping survey in Lisbon, Portugal, which involved 400 respondents, this paper applies structural equation modeling to explore the relationships among online shopping and in-store shopping preferences, while also considering the period of the week in which the purchases took place, since it is expected that the interaction between shopping and other personal travel behavior varies between weekdays and weekends. The result shows that online shopping preference leads to more online purchases, while in-store shopping preference leads to more in-store purchases. Furthermore, online shopping on weekdays has a positive association with both online and in-store shopping on weekends, which supports a complementarity effect. This effect is linked to a younger population, which commutes by car, and lives in less central areas. Since deliveries are becoming increasingly faster, while living centrally is becoming progressively more difficult, complementarity might give way to substitution, with the foreseeable challenges to maintaining street vitality, if this issue is not addressed timely by policymakers.

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Online shopping as a substitute or complement to in-store shopping trips in Iran?

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Public-Private-People Partnerships (4P) for Improving the Response to COVID-19 in Iran

Public-Private-People Partnerships (4P) for Improving the Response to COVID-19 in Iran

Impacts of online shopping on travel demand: a systematic review

Exploring the Interactions between Online Shopping, In-Store Shopping, and Weekly Travel Behavior using a 7-Day Shopping Survey in Lisbon, Portugal

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