“…However, the value added to the author's work by the efforts of publishers falls into two categories -the peer review process which authenticates the substantive content of the paper, and features such as copy-editing, design, the application of metadata, and so on, which make a paper more professional in appearance and function. Peer review is undertaken by members of the scholarly community, usually without payment, but it is usually organized and administered by paid publishing staff, often nowadays with the help of specialized software (Ware, 2005). It may be that the publishers provide other forms of value added, such as interactive discussion of published papers, enriched metadata and CrossRef links.…”