Online temperature estimation of IPMSM permanent magnets in hybrid electric vehicles

Abstract

The temperature-rise inside the magnets of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) caused by losses can lead to potential irreversible demagnetization. This paper presents an analytical model of online temperature prediction. Based on the relationship of the temperature and the magnets performance, the temperature of magnets is predicted through solving the equation of voltage, current, rotate speed and winding temperature in the model. The predicted temperatures of the model is validated by experiments when the motors operated by three phase sine supply. And the temperature rises observably under PWM inverter supply. Furthermore, the finite element analysis (FEA) simulation results give more confidence for the proposed estimators. Keywords-permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), irreversible demagnetization, PWM

Real‐time constrained current control of permanent magnet synchronous machines for automotive applications

“…The residual flux density of permanent magnet, that is, B r , decreases with temperature rise. The residual flux density can be written as [25] where τ r,ref denotes the reference temperature, for example, the ambient temperature and is the temperature coefficient of B r and can be approximated with a piecewise constant function [30].…”

“…However, these MPC approaches are designed for low‐power PMSMs with surface‐mounted magnets. Moreover, the danger of non‐reversible demagnetisation of the permanent magnets because of the high rotor temperature [25] is an important issue for PMSMs employed in automotive applications with high variation of temperature such as automotive electrical traction drives and has to be taken into account.…”

Health monitoring and prognosis of electric vehicle motor using intelligent‐digital twin

“…The temperature of the stator winding radiates the heat to PM rotor made up of neodynium. Temperatures beyond 100°C result in 0.15% decrease of magnetic flux density of the PM which is used to estimate RUL of the PM rotor [21,24]. The relationship of the different output parameters derived from casing temperature using (2) and 3is shown in Fig.…”

Thermal evaluation of different drive train topologies for electric/hybrid vehicles

“…As a result, there is a great interest in estimating the rotor temperature of PMSMs used in electric traction applications. In [11], the magnets temperature is estimated based on the stator winding temperature measurement, back EMF estimation and magnets demagnetization characteristic. Temperature estimation can be achieved using a Luemberger observer for flux estimation, taking also into account the machine saturation [12].…”