Onset of irreversibility in cyclic shear of granular packings

Slotterback, Steven; Mailman, Mitch; Rónaszegi, Krisztián; Hecke, Martin van; Girvan, Michelle; Losert, Wolfgang

doi:10.1103/physreve.85.021309

Cited by 72 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3 we illustrate the evolution of the grain diffusion and packing density in each phase. Previous experimental studies of grains under cyclic shear have observed crystallization (11,18), convection (19), and caged motion (9,13). We briefly characterize these previously observed phases before turning our attention to the previously unidentified Limit Cycle phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…If one instead considers a pack of frictional grains, this picture changes dramatically and the conditions for reversibility/irreversibility and periodic motion remain poorly understood (7)(8)(9). Here, the equations of motion are not time-reversible and particles remain in contact with their neighbors at all times, interacting via hysteretic frictional forces instead of simple collisions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a priori the system is hysteretic and irreversible, it is still possible to exhibit correlations and self-organization. Indeed, experimental studies of grains under cyclic shear have found spontaneous crystallization (10,11), dynamic heterogeneities (12), and subdiffusive caged motion (9,13). Recent experiments on 2D frictional disks found limit cycles in the shear stress and pressure in shear-jammed packings (14), although the individual grain motion remains diffusive.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Precisely cyclic sand: Self-organization of periodically sheared frictional grains

Royer

Chaikin

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The disordered static structure and chaotic dynamics of frictional granular matter has occupied scientists for centuries, yet there are few organizational principles or guiding rules for this highly hysteretic, dissipative material. We show that cyclic shear of a granular material leads to dynamic self-organization into several phases with different spatial and temporal order. Using numerical simulations, we present a phase diagram in strain-friction space that shows chaotic dispersion, crystal formation, vortex patterns, and most unusually a disordered phase in which each particle precisely retraces its unique path. However, the system is not reversible. Rather, the trajectory of each particle, and the entire frictional, many-degrees-of-freedom system, organizes itself into a limit cycle absorbing state. Of particular note is that fact that the cyclic states are spatially disordered, whereas the ordered states are chaotic.granular | self-organization | limit cycles | friction S elf-organization under periodic driving is a common feature in many disparate far-from-equilibrium systems (1-4). Recently, there has been substantial interest in self-organization in suspensions under slow, cyclic, low-Reynolds number shear (1, 5, 6). Non-Brownian suspensions were found to exhibit a phase transition from a dynamic fluctuating state to a reversible absorbing state depending on the shear amplitude and particle density. Here, there is a clear route to reversibility, because at low Reynolds numbers the equations of motion for the fluid are reversible, and irreversibility is only introduced through particle collisions or potential interactions. A similar cyclic behavior has been observed in periodically driven superconducting vortices (4), which interact via a nonlinear potential.If one instead considers a pack of frictional grains, this picture changes dramatically and the conditions for reversibility/irreversibility and periodic motion remain poorly understood (7-9). Here, the equations of motion are not time-reversible and particles remain in contact with their neighbors at all times, interacting via hysteretic frictional forces instead of simple collisions. Although a priori the system is hysteretic and irreversible, it is still possible to exhibit correlations and self-organization. Indeed, experimental studies of grains under cyclic shear have found spontaneous crystallization (10, 11), dynamic heterogeneities (12), and subdiffusive caged motion (9, 13). Recent experiments on 2D frictional disks found limit cycles in the shear stress and pressure in shear-jammed packings (14), although the individual grain motion remains diffusive. However, experiments are limited to a narrow range of friction and one cannot easily vary this crucial parameter that determines the possible packing configurations (15) and the response of the granular system to applied shear. Although we do not find reversible states, we do find that, depending on the strain amplitude and grain friction, the granular system can organize itself and evolve i...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precisely cyclic sand: Self-organization of periodically sheared frictional grains

Royer

Chaikin

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Network approaches in granular materials have already had several success in describing the dynamics of granular materials. For example, prior studies have investigated spatial patterns in the breaking of edges in a (binary) contact network under shear [25][26][27][28] and the influence of network topology on acoustic propagation [29]. The latter study established the importance of using weighted contact networks to take into account the strength of interparticle forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of force-chain network architecture in granular materials using community detection

et al. 2015

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Force chains form heterogeneous physical structures that can constrain the mechanical stability and acoustic transmission of granular media. However, despite their relevance for predicting bulk properties of materials, there is no agreement on a quantitative description of force chains. Consequently, it is difficult to compare the force-chain structures in different materials or experimental conditions. To address this challenge, we treat granular materials as spatially-embedded networks in which the nodes (particles) are connected by weighted edges that represent contact forces. We use techniques from community detection, which is a type of clustering, to find sets of closely connected particles. By using a geographical null model that is constrained by the particles' contact network, we extract chain-like structures that are reminiscent of force chains. We propose three diagnostics to measure these chain-like structures, and we demonstrate the utility of these diagnostics for identifying and characterizing classes of force-chain network architectures in various materials. To illustrate our methods, we describe how force-chain architecture depends on pressure for two very different types of packings: (1) ones derived from laboratory experiments and (2) ones derived from idealized, numerically-generated frictionless packings. By resolving individual force chains, we quantify statistical properties of force-chain shape and strength, which are potentially crucial diagnostics of bulk properties (including material stability). These methods facilitate quantitative comparisons between different particulate systems, regardless of whether they are measured experimentally or numerically.

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“…In the next section we show that, effectively, there is a relationship among these two magnitudes. In a recent paper [45] a slightly larger number (8% of particle diameter) has been found to be a good election for contact threshold.…”

Section: Topology Uncovered By βmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological analysis of tapped granular media using persistent homology

et al. 2014

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We use the first Betti number of a complex to analyze the morphological structure of granular samples in mechanical equilibrium. We investigate two-dimensional granular packings after a tapping process by means of both simulations and experiments. States with equal packing fraction obtained with different tapping intensities are distinguished after the introduction of a filtration parameter which determines the particles (nodes in the network) that are joined by an edge. This is accomplished by just using the position of the particles obtained experimentally and no other information about the possible contacts, or magnitude of forces.

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Onset of irreversibility in cyclic shear of granular packings

Cited by 72 publications

References 23 publications

Precisely cyclic sand: Self-organization of periodically sheared frictional grains

Precisely cyclic sand: Self-organization of periodically sheared frictional grains

Extraction of force-chain network architecture in granular materials using community detection

Topological analysis of tapped granular media using persistent homology

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