Onshore flow characteristics of the 1755 CE Lisbon tsunami: Linking forward and inverse numerical modeling

Bosnic, Ivana; Costa, Pedro; Dourado, Francisco; Selle, S. La; Gelfenbaum, Guy

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106432

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Forward models, on the other hand, combine hydrodynamic and sediment-transport models (including erosion and deposition) to simulate observed sedimentary deposits (e.g., grain-size and spatial-thickness distribution) (Apotsos et al, 2011). The successful combination of inverse and forward modeling in the 1755 CE Lisbon tsunami confirms the potential to improve understanding of historical events (Bosnic et al, 2021). Although, little attention has been drawn to the quantification of tsunami erosion in the nearshore area to date (Yoshikawa et al, 2015), Goto, Takahashi, et al (2011) determined severely impaired stability of coastal infrastructures due to strong localized scouring and sediment rearrangement.…”

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confidence: 86%

Shallow‐Water Tsunami Deposits: Evidence From Sediment Cores and Numerical Wave Propagation of the 1601 CE Lake Lucerne Event

Nigg

Bacigaluppi

Vetsch

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The 1601 CE earthquake (Mw ca. 5.9) in “Unterwalden,” Central Switzerland, triggered multiple subaqueous mass movements and a subaerial rockfall that generated tsunami waves with run‐up heights of up to 4 m and several hundred meters of inundation along the coastal lowlands of Lake Lucerne. In the shallow Lucerne Bay, historical chronicles reported an oscillation of the water with an initial amplitude of ∼1–2 m and a period of 10 min, which continued for several days after the event with decreasing amplitude. Here, we investigate the lake‐tsunami process chain from subaqueous mass movement‐generated tsunami to wave propagation and ultimately to sediment resuspension, transport, and deposition in the shallow‐water environment. The effects of the historical tsunami on Lucerne Bay are reconstructed using sediment‐core analysis and numerical simulation of wave propagation. A 60‐cm‐thick event deposit was recovered along a sediment‐core transect in the shallow waters and radiocarbon dated to 1306–1442 cal CE. The event deposit has a sharp basal contact with carbonate shell fragments followed upwards a normally graded succession of siliciclastic sand to silt with a high proportion of horizontally bedded wooden particles. The numerically simulated tsunami waves are characterized by a water‐surface displacement of up to 1.5 m and generate bed shear‐stresses that are likely capable of remobilizing large amounts of sediments in the Lucerne Bay area. Our study successfully links the sedimentology of event deposits with physical principles of sediment mobilization derived from numerical wave‐forward modeling, providing a tool to improve the identification and interpretation of potential tsunami deposits.

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confidence: 86%

Shallow‐Water Tsunami Deposits: Evidence From Sediment Cores and Numerical Wave Propagation of the 1601 CE Lake Lucerne Event

Nigg

Bacigaluppi

Vetsch

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Numerical models are useful when studying the sediment deposition that occurs as a result of a tsunami. Those models can be forward models (Bosnic et al, 2021; Sugawara et al, 2014) or inverse models (Jaffe et al, 2012; Mitra et al, 2020; Spiske et al, 2010; Tehranirad et al, 2021) whereby flow quantities are derived from the sediments. The methods in the inverse models rely on either a necessarily simplified model of sediment transport and settling (Jaffe et al, 2012; Tehranirad et al, 2021) or machine learning to obtain data from a large database of hypothetical deposits (Mitra et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods in the inverse models rely on either a necessarily simplified model of sediment transport and settling (Jaffe et al, 2012; Tehranirad et al, 2021) or machine learning to obtain data from a large database of hypothetical deposits (Mitra et al, 2020). However, linking both forward and inverse models can give greater insights into the resulting sedimentary deposition than a single approach only (Bosnic et al, 2021). Regardless of the type of approach taken, a key part of any interpretation is a thorough understanding of the depositional mechanisms that occur during tsunami inundation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving tsunami wave dynamics: Integrating sedimentology and numerical modelling

Hill,

Rush,

Peakall

et al. 2023

The Depositional Record

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Tsunamis are a major hazard along many of the world's coastlines. To understand the impact of these events, a sufficiently long record of previous events is needed, which can be provided by their sedimentary deposits. A number of past events have left extensive sedimentary deposits that can be used to understand the hydrodynamics of the tsunami. The ca 8.15 ka Storegga submarine slide was a large, tsunamigenic mass movement off the coast of Norway. The resulting tsunami had estimated run‐up heights of around 10 to 20 m on the Norwegian coast, over 30 m in Shetland and 3 to 6 m on the Scottish mainland coast. New cores were taken from the Ythan Valley in North‐East Scotland, where Storegga tsunami deposits have previously been found. High‐resolution sedimentary analyses of the cores, combined with statistical (changepoint) analysis, shows signatures of multiple waves. Moreover, detailed CT scans of the erosional basal surface reveal sole marks called skim marks. Taken in conjunction with the grain size and sedimentary fabric characteristics of the tsunami deposits, this indicates that the flow exhibited a high‐concentration basal component, with an initial semi‐cohesive phase and that deposition was dominantly capacity driven. A multiple wave hypothesis is tested by creating a high‐resolution numerical model (metre‐scale) of the wave inundation, coupled to a previously published regional model. The inundation model confirms that multiple waves passed over the site in agreement with the sedimentological analysis. The sensitivity of the model to the reconstructed palaeocoastal geomorphology is quantitatively explored. It is concluded that local palaeogeomorphological reconstruction is key to understanding the hydrodynamics of a tsunami wave group in relation to its sedimentary deposit. Combining sedimentological data with high‐resolution inundation modelling is a powerful tool to help interpret the sedimentary record of tsunami events and hence to improve knowledge of their risks.

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“…Additionally, various theoretical models must be quantified to obtain the expected added value (e.g., [9][10][11]). The topics and use cases range from the analysis of impacts in the case of prevalent ex-post assessment of tsunami hazards and related damages [12] to the maximum earthquake magnitude scenario [13], analysis of historical events such as the 1755 CE Lisbon earthquake and the largest historical tsunami ever impacting the Europe's Atlantic coasts [14], or confirming the existence of low-level tsunamis [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami-Related Data: A Review of Available Repositories Used in Scientific Literature

Nacházel

Babič

Baiguera

et al. 2021

Water

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Various organizations and institutions store large volumes of tsunami-related data, whose availability and quality should benefit society, as it improves decision making before the tsunami occurrence, during the tsunami impact, and when coping with the aftermath. However, the existing digital ecosystem surrounding tsunami research prevents us from extracting the maximum benefit from our research investments. The main objective of this study is to explore the field of data repositories providing secondary data associated with tsunami research and analyze the current situation. We analyze the mutual interconnections of references in scientific studies published in the Web of Science database, governmental bodies, commercial organizations, and research agencies. A set of criteria was used to evaluate content and searchability. We identified 60 data repositories with records used in tsunami research. The heterogeneity of data formats, deactivated or nonfunctional web pages, the generality of data repositories, or poor dataset arrangement represent the most significant weak points. We outline the potential contribution of ontology engineering as an example of computer science methods that enable improvements in tsunami-related data management.

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Onshore flow characteristics of the 1755 CE Lisbon tsunami: Linking forward and inverse numerical modeling

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Shallow‐Water Tsunami Deposits: Evidence From Sediment Cores and Numerical Wave Propagation of the 1601 CE Lake Lucerne Event

Shallow‐Water Tsunami Deposits: Evidence From Sediment Cores and Numerical Wave Propagation of the 1601 CE Lake Lucerne Event

Resolving tsunami wave dynamics: Integrating sedimentology and numerical modelling

Tsunami-Related Data: A Review of Available Repositories Used in Scientific Literature

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