Onshore mud volcanoes as a geological source of mercury: Case study from the Kerch Peninsula, Caucasus continental collision zone

Kokh, Svetlana N.; Sokol, Ella V.; Gustaytis, M. A.; Sokol, Ivan A.; Deviatiiarova, Anna S.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141806

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Relative analytical errors were 20% (p = 0.95) for concentrations from 5 × 10 −7 to 2.5 × 10 −2 wt% [49]. For analytical details, see [50,51].…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sediments deposited in anoxic environments, under the influence of atmospheric Hg fluxes, are commonly enriched in sulfidic Hg, mainly hosted by pyrite [96]. For instance, data on sulfide mineralization in the material erupted by MVs of the Kerch-Taman (Black Sea) province [50,51,54] show that sulfidic Hg makes up 70% of the total mercury budget in the anoxic Oligocene-Lower Miocene Middle Maykop shales (source rocks for the deeply rooted MVs of the region), while the heavy mineral fractions extracted from the mud masses contain abundant Hg-bearing pyrite (up to 4810 µg/kg total Hg) together with sporadic euhedral crystals of cinnabar. The Hg enrichment of Middle Maykop shales was mainly due to the local Oligocene-Lower Miocene volcanic activity in the Caucasus Continental Collision Zone.…”

Section: Conditions Of Sulfide Mineralization and Sources Of Materials In Ejecta Of Sakhalin Mvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ge-Hg-Rich Sphalerite and Pb, Sb, As, Hg, and Ag Sulfide Assemblages in Mud Volcanoes of Sakhalin Island, Russia: An Insight into Possible Origin

et al. 2021

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We characterize the mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe, Zn, Pb, Sb, As, Hg, Ag sulfide assemblages from mud masses currently extruded by the onshore South Sakhalin and Pugachev mud volcanoes (Sakhalin Island, Russia). Abundant Tl-rich pyrite in sulfide concentrate samples from the mud volcanoes coexists with common Hg- and Ge-rich sphalerite, as well as with sporadic boulangerite, robinsonite, bournonite, galena, realgar, metacinnabar, cinnabar, acanthite, and chalcopyrite. Sphalerites are remarkably enriched in Hg (locally reaching 27 wt%) and coupled zwith permanent abnormal enrichment in Ge (3008–3408 ppm). According to single-crystal XRD analyses and Raman spectroscopy, both Hg-poor and Hg-rich sphalerites are single-phase (Zn,Hg)Scub compounds. Pyrite is of diagenetic origin, judging by its trace-element chemistry, particular morphology, and heavy S isotope composition. Another assemblage, composed of Pb-Sb-(Hg) sulfide minerals and lesser As, Cu, Ag, and Bi compounds, results from hydrothermal alteration and is genetically related to Neogene volcano-sedimentary rocks found among the ejecta of the mud volcanoes. The composition of impurities in sphalerite from mud masses indicates crystallization at temperatures lower than ~100 °C, under the leaching effect of mud volcano waters.

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“…Relative analytical errors were 20% (p = 0.95) for concentrations from 5 × 10 −7 to 2.5 × 10 −2 wt% [49]. For analytical details, see [50,51].…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conditions Of Sulfide Mineralization and Sources Of Materials In Ejecta Of Sakhalin Mvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ge-Hg-Rich Sphalerite and Pb, Sb, As, Hg, and Ag Sulfide Assemblages in Mud Volcanoes of Sakhalin Island, Russia: An Insight into Possible Origin

et al. 2021

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Hg Mineral Forms in Argillisites of the South Kamchatka Thermal Fields, Russia

Zhitova,

Nuzhdaev,

Sergeeva

et al. 2023

Geol. Ore Deposits

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Mercury Anomaly in Oligocene–Miocene Maykop Group Sediments (Caucasus Continental Collision Zone): Mercury Hosts, Distribution, and Sources

2021

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The Oligocene–Miocene Maykop Group sediments, mainly composed of illite–smectite, store mercury in strongly variable concentrations from 10 to 920 μg/kg. Extremely high Hg levels (98–920 μg/kg) coupled with abnormal mercury-to-total organic carbon (TOC) ratios (Hg/TOC = 109 to 3000 μg/kg/wt%; TOC = 0.2 wt% to 1.2 wt%) were measured in the Middle Maykop marine shales that were deposited in the deepwater Indol–Kuban Basin under anoxic conditions. The Middle Maykop shales contain up to 70% of total mercury in sulfide form. In heavy mineral fractions, abundant Hg-bearing pyrite (with up to 4810 µg/kg Hg in hand-picked concentrates) is accompanied by sporadic cinnabar. Relative to the Middle Maykop sediments, the Upper Maykop shales have much lower Hg concentrations and Hg/TOC ratios: 10 to 63 μg/kg (34 μg/kg on average) and 7.7 to 137 μg/kg/wt% (39 μg/kg/wt% on average), respectively. Mercury sequestration is inferred to occur mostly by binding in sulfide hosts in the Middle Maykop anoxic deep-sea sediments and in organic matter, Fe3+-(oxy)hydroxides, and clay particles in the Upper Maykop shales which were deposited in a more oxygenated environment. Mercury inputs to the marine shales during Maykopian sedimentation were possibly associated with local Oligocene–Lower Miocene volcanic activity in the Caucasus Continental Collision Zone. At the same time, the mode of Hg binding in sediments was controlled by redox conditions which changed from anoxic to disoxic and suboxic at the Middle-to-Upper Maykop transition.

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Onshore mud volcanoes as a geological source of mercury: Case study from the Kerch Peninsula, Caucasus continental collision zone

Cited by 4 publications

References 93 publications

Ge-Hg-Rich Sphalerite and Pb, Sb, As, Hg, and Ag Sulfide Assemblages in Mud Volcanoes of Sakhalin Island, Russia: An Insight into Possible Origin

Ge-Hg-Rich Sphalerite and Pb, Sb, As, Hg, and Ag Sulfide Assemblages in Mud Volcanoes of Sakhalin Island, Russia: An Insight into Possible Origin

Hg Mineral Forms in Argillisites of the South Kamchatka Thermal Fields, Russia

Mercury Anomaly in Oligocene–Miocene Maykop Group Sediments (Caucasus Continental Collision Zone): Mercury Hosts, Distribution, and Sources

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