Ontogenetic Study of Floral Organs of Peach (Prunus persica) Utilizing Cytochimeral Plants

Dermen, Haig; Stewart, R. N.

doi:10.2307/2441220

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The yellow pigmentation visible along the suture at full ripening stage (Figure 2A, S4) indicates that RHB is a bud sport chimera mutant, in which the mutation does not involve the L-I apical cell layer, that originates the epidermis and several cells layers at the suture of the ovary wall [28]. The flesh color phenotype has remained stable throughout several cycles of clonal propagation, pointing out the stability of the chimera in RHB (Liverani A., unpublished data).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At S1-S3 stages, whole fruits of RHB (Figure 2A ) and RH (Figure 2B ) look similar, while the final ripening stages Br and S4, carotenogenesis is well established in RH fruits, and differences in flesh color between yellow-fleshed RH and white-fleshed RHB fruits become dramatic. The yellow pigmentation visible along the suture at full ripening stage (Figure 2A , S4) indicates that RHB is a bud sport chimera mutant, in which the mutation does not involve the L-I apical cell layer, that originates the epidermis and several cells layers at the suture of the ovary wall [ 28 ]. The flesh color phenotype has remained stable throughout several cycles of clonal propagation, pointing out the stability of the chimera in RHB (Liverani A., unpublished data).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of 'Redhaven' peach and its white-fleshed mutant suggests a key role of CCD4 carotenoid dioxygenase in carotenoid and norisoprenoid volatile metabolism

et al. 2011

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BackgroundCarotenoids are plant metabolites which are not only essential in photosynthesis but also important quality factors in determining the pigmentation and aroma of flowers and fruits. To investigate the regulation of carotenoid metabolism, as related to norisoprenoids and other volatile compounds in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.), and the role of carotenoid dioxygenases in determining differences in flesh color phenotype and volatile composition, the expression patterns of relevant carotenoid genes and metabolites were studied during fruit development along with volatile compound content. Two contrasted cultivars, the yellow-fleshed 'Redhaven' (RH) and its white-fleshed mutant 'Redhaven Bianca' (RHB) were examined.ResultsThe two genotypes displayed marked differences in the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in mesocarp tissues. Lower carotenoid levels and higher levels of norisoprenoid volatiles were observed in RHB, which might be explained by differential activity of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) enzymes. In fact, the ccd4 transcript levels were dramatically higher at late ripening stages in RHB with respect to RH. The two genotypes also showed differences in the expression patterns of several carotenoid and isoprenoid transcripts, compatible with a feed-back regulation of these transcripts. Abamine SG - an inhibitor of CCD enzymes - decreased the levels of both isoprenoid and non-isoprenoid volatiles in RHB fruits, indicating a complex regulation of volatile production.ConclusionsDifferential expression of ccd4 is likely to be the major determinant in the accumulation of carotenoids and carotenoid-derived volatiles in peach fruit flesh. More in general, dioxygenases appear to be key factors controlling volatile composition in peach fruit, since abamine SG-treated 'Redhaven Bianca' fruits had strongly reduced levels of norisoprenoids and other volatile classes. Comparative functional studies of peach carotenoid cleavage enzymes are required to fully elucidate their role in peach fruit pigmentation and aroma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of 'Redhaven' peach and its white-fleshed mutant suggests a key role of CCD4 carotenoid dioxygenase in carotenoid and norisoprenoid volatile metabolism

et al. 2011

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“…Another not mutually exclusively possibility is that the fate of an aborting trichome could be influenced by its neighboring cells (non-cell-autonomous scenario). Support for non-cell-autonomous influences on maintenance of cell fate come from grafting or ablation experiments where it was found that a cell or its progeny, when invading from one developmental context to another, adapts its fate according to its new position [70] – [73] . The existence of locally acting tissue-specific supervision mechanisms are presumably very important to organize and maintain body architecture by correcting incorrectly oriented cell divisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoreplication Controls Cell Fate Maintenance

et al. 2010

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Cell-fate specification is typically thought to precede and determine cell-cycle regulation during differentiation. Here we show that endoreplication, also known as endoreduplication, a specialized cell-cycle variant often associated with cell differentiation but also frequently occurring in malignant cells, plays a role in maintaining cell fate. For our study we have used Arabidopsis trichomes as a model system and have manipulated endoreplication levels via mutants of cell-cycle regulators and overexpression of cell-cycle inhibitors under a trichome-specific promoter. Strikingly, a reduction of endoreplication resulted in reduced trichome numbers and caused trichomes to lose their identity. Live observations of young Arabidopsis leaves revealed that dedifferentiating trichomes re-entered mitosis and were re-integrated into the epidermal pavement-cell layer, acquiring the typical characteristics of the surrounding epidermal cells. Conversely, when we promoted endoreplication in glabrous patterning mutants, trichome fate could be restored, demonstrating that endoreplication is an important determinant of cell identity. Our data lead to a new model of cell-fate control and tissue integrity during development by revealing a cell-fate quality control system at the tissue level.

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“…Clonal analysis (Satina and Blakeslee, 1941 ;Derman and Stewart, 1973) and morphological studies (Misra, 1962;Bhandari, 1984) of anther development indicate that the pollen grains are ontogenetically related to the anther wall layers, which, as described above, do contain AG RNA. Because AG RNA appears to be present in all stamen cells early in development , one feature of the pollen grain cell lineage is a reduction of AG RNA levels.…”

Section: Dlscusslonmentioning

confidence: 91%

Expression of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS is restricted to specific cell types late in flower development.

1991

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Mutations in the AGAMOUS (AG) gene cause transformations in two adjacent whorls of the Arabidopsis flower. Petals develop in the third floral whorl rather than the normal stamens, and the cells that would normally develop into the fourth whorl gynoecium behave as if they constituted an ag flower primordium. Early in flower development, AG RNA is evenly distributed throughout third and fourth whorl organ primordia but is not present in the organ primordia of whorls one and two. In contrast to the early expression pattern, later in flower development, AG RNA is restricted to specific cell types within the stamens and carpels as cellular differentiation occurs in those organs. Ectopic AG expression patterns in flowers mutant for the floral homeotic gene APETELA2 (AP2), which regulates early AG expression, suggest that the late AG expression is not directly dependent on AP2 activity. INTRODUCTIONJust as each flower consists of a precise pattern of organ types, each individual floral organ consists of severa1 cell types in stereotyped positions. The organs of the flower begin their development as small outgrowths of cells from the floral meristem. At about the time these floral organ primordia arise, their identity is thought to be determined in accordance with their position within the flower, causing them to follow organ type-specific developmental programs. Subsequently, the cells of each of the determined organ primordia must then asses or know their relative positions within the primordia and differentiate into the appropriate cell types. It is this precise pattern of cellular differentiation that results in the different morphological characteristics of each floral organ type. Thus, during flower development, cells must know their position relative to others not only during the specification of organ primordium identity, but also later, during the cellular differentiation of individual floral organs.Severa1 homeotic mutations have been isolated in Arabidopsis. They cause cells to misinterpret their positions in early flower development. As a consequence, they differentiate into inappropriate cell types (Pruitt et al., 1987;Komaki et al., 1988;Bowman et al., 1988Bowman et al., , 1989Bowman et al., , 1991Meyerowitz et al., 1989Meyerowitz et al., , 1991Hill and Lord, 1989;Kunst ' To whom correspondence should be addressed. lrish and Sussex, 1990). The result is a flower with morphologically normal organ types found in abnormal positions. A model has been proposed, based on a series of genetic experiments, to explain how four homeotic genes, AGAMOUS (AG), APf TALA2 (AP2), A f f TALA3 (AP3), and PlSTILLATA, specify the identity of the floral organs by establishing positional cues in the early floral primordium . However, genes involved in specifying positional information later in development, within the individual floral organs, have not yet been identified.Mutations in one of the homeotic genes, AG, cause alterations in the third and fourth whorls of the flower. In the third whorl, six petals develop in the posit...

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Ontogenetic Study of Floral Organs of Peach (Prunus persica) Utilizing Cytochimeral Plants

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Study of 'Redhaven' peach and its white-fleshed mutant suggests a key role of CCD4 carotenoid dioxygenase in carotenoid and norisoprenoid volatile metabolism

Study of 'Redhaven' peach and its white-fleshed mutant suggests a key role of CCD4 carotenoid dioxygenase in carotenoid and norisoprenoid volatile metabolism

Endoreplication Controls Cell Fate Maintenance

Expression of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS is restricted to specific cell types late in flower development.

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