Ontogenic habitat shifts of the Iceland scallop, <i>Chlamys islandica</i> (Müller, 1776), in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence

Arsenault, David J.; Himmelman, John H.

doi:10.1139/f95-234

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…At ile du Fanthme, small Iceland scallops are mainly found in shallow water (15 m) likely because of the high density of larval settlem.ent substra.ta such as filamentous red algae and hydroids (Arsenault & Himmelman 1996a). Also, recruitment of scallops in shallow water may be enhanced by the abundant shell debris which provides juvenile scallops with refuges from predators (Arsenault & Himmelman 1996b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Iceland scallop Chlamys islandica (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) is found in cold water regions of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and is generally associated with coarse substrata in areas with strong tidal currents (Ekman 1953, Wiborg 1963, Arsenault & Himmelman 1996a. C. islandica is one of the largest species of its genus and attains 110 mm in shell height in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada (Giguere & Miller 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. islandica is one of the largest species of its genus and attains 110 mm in shell height in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada (Giguere & Miller 1993. Arsenault & Himmelman 1996a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-related decrease in spatial refuge use by Iceland scallops Chlamys islandica:ontogenetic behavioural changes or decreasing refuge availability?

Arsenault¹,

Himmelman

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We examined whether the size-related shift from refuges to exposed surfaces by Iceland scallops Chlamys lslandlca In the Mlngan Islands, northeln Gulf of St Lawrence, eastern Canada, is caused by behavioural changes in their tendency to use lefuges or by decreasing refuge availability as they increase in size A laboratory expenment indicated that the frequency of refuge use did not vary with scallop size when the entrance to available refuges was sufficiently large which suggests that the tendency of scallops to use refuges does not change dunng ontogeny The size of cievices used incleased w t h scallop size, indicating that the size structure of refuges potentially could determine size-specific refuge use Our field observations using SCUBA indicated that the availability of sultably sized refuges (shells of the bivalve Splsula polynyma] decreased markedly with increasing scallop size Slze-related changes in the frequency of refuge use were positively correlated with refuge avallabil~ty suggesting that the shift from refuges to exposed surfaces is caused by decreasing availability of suitably sized refuges as scallops lncrease in size However the density of iefuges was generally greater than the density of scallops, which suggested that refuges were utllized below their carrying capacity The proport1011 of adequately slzed refuges which were occupied by scallops was low ( < l 5 %) and decreased with lncreas~ng scallop slze possibly because scallops had increasing difficulty In locatlng refuges of suitable size as they Increased in size That the shells used as refuges by scallops covered only 6 4 % of the bottom should decrease the probability of their being found Further, because the frequency of suitable refuges decreased wlth increasing scallop size, scallops should progressively have increasing difficulty in locating refuges This would llkely increase the time scallops are exposed to predators while searching for refuges, which is hkely to be cntical for small scallops glven thelr high vulnerability to predators Hence encounter rates w~t h refuges could potentially produce a demographic bottleneck In respect to survlval of recrults

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-related decrease in spatial refuge use by Iceland scallops Chlamys islandica:ontogenetic behavioural changes or decreasing refuge availability?

Arsenault¹,

Himmelman

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…barnacles, macroalgae, sponges) with an effect on mortality on a longer timescale than our study; (3) other types of inter-specific competition or predation. Firstly, it is well-established that certain substrates are more favourable for settling of C. islandica than others (Harvey et al 1993, Arsenault & Himmelman 1996a). In the study area C. islandica seems to prefer settling on coarse substrates or shell gravel (Pedersen 1994, Blicher et al 2009), and juveniles are often found attached to the inner side of old scallop shells (M. E. Blicher pers.…”

Section: Comparison Of Wild and Suspended Scallopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal growth variation in Chlamys islandica (Bivalvia) from sub-Arctic Greenland is linked to food availability and temperature

Blicher¹,

Rysgaard²,

Sejr³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In order to assess the role of different environmental parameters in the population dynamics of marine invertebrates in the Arctic, we examined seasonal variation in individual biomass, shell growth, and mass production of somatic and reproductive tissues of immature and maturing scallops Chlamys islandica suspended in culture nets at 15 and 30 m depth in SW Greenland from May 2007 to October 2008. All 3 parameters varied both seasonally and between depths. Individual shell growth rate and biomass were poor proxies for the actual mass growth rate on a seasonal scale. Minimum and maximum mass growth rates were observed from November to February and in April-May, respectively. Simultaneous monitoring of biotic and abiotic parameters in the water column made it possible to establish a growth model relating variation in mass growth rate to variation in environmental conditions. The best-fit model (R 2 = 0.71) indicated that total mass growth rate depended on chlorophyll a concentration, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of seston, and water temperature. While availability of high-quality food items affected growth positively, the growth model indicated a negative effect of increasing temperature on the mass growth rate of C. islandica. These results indicate that scallops in SW Greenland are resource-limited and that elevated temperature through its effect on metabolic costs reduces growth efficiency. Hence, it is most likely that the growth capacity of C. islandica in SW Greenland is either never realized or only attained for short periods of time (hours to days) under the present conditions. KEY WORDS: Bivalve · Scallop · Temporal dynamics · Production · Food availability · Sub-Arctic · Pectinid · Temperature · Shell growth Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 407: [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] 2010 tion (Rysgaard et al. 1999, Dagg et al. 2004, Wassmann et al. 2006, Arrigo et al. 2008, potentially leading to altered food conditions for secondary producers. Low temperature is considered an important component of high-latitude marine environments, affecting physiological rates of ectotherms at all trophic levels (Gillooly et al. 2001). Thus, it might be expected that future changes in ocean temperature and food availability in the Arctic will affect the productivity of secondary producers (Blicher et al. 2007). However, the combined effect may not be straightforward. Hence, it is still debated whether the apparent temperature-dependence of the basal metabolism of ectotherms is solely a consequence of thermodynamics, or if the processes involved in metabolism have been subject to evolutionary adaptation to maximize production in a given environment, i.e. maximizing the difference between energy intake and metabolic costs (e.g. Clarke & Johnston 1999, Gillooly et al. 2001, Clarke 2003. In any case, it seems likely that the effect of increasing temperature on organism growth is dependent on the ability of an organism to co...

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“…Chlamys pseudislandica and C. islandica live in areas of strong current movement in the northern boreal or subarctic transition zone. Although favouring zones of active current movement, particularly tidal currents (Arsenault & Himmelman, 1996), these bivalves are inhibited by very high rates of current flow (Brand, 2006); they are byssally attached throughout life, but can detach and swim if threatened by predators, especially asteroids. The animal lives in waters from −1·5 to 9 °C with the largest concentrations in waters 10 to 100 m deep.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbonates within a Pleistocene glaciomarine succession, Yakataga Formation, Middleton Island, Alaska

James¹,

Eyles

et al. 2009

Sedimentology

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Uplifted during the 1964 Alaskan earthquake, extensive intertidal flats around Middleton Island expose 1300 m of late Cenozoic (Early Pleistocene) Yakataga Formation glaciomarine sediments. These outcrops provide a unique window into outer shelf and upper slope strata that are otherwise buried within the southeast Alaska continental shelf prism. The rocks consist of five principal facies in descending order of thickness: (i) extensive pebbly mudstone diamictite containing sparse marine fossils; (ii) proglacial submarine channel conglomerates; (iii) burrowed mudstones with discrete dropstone layers; (iv) boulder pavements whose upper surfaces are truncated, faceted and striated by ice; and (v) carbonates rich in molluscs, bryozoans and brachiopods. The carbonates are decimetre scale in thickness, typically channellized conglomeratic event beds interpreted as resedimented deposits on the palaeoshelf edge and upper slope. Biogenic components originated in a moderately shallow (ca 80 m), relatively sediment-free, mesotrophic, sub-photic setting. These components are a mixture of parautochthonous large pectenids or smaller brachiopods with locally important serpulid worm tubes and robust gastropods augmented by sand-size bryozoan and echinoderm fragments. Ice-rafted debris is present throughout these cold-water carbonates that are thought to have formed during glacial periods of lowered sea-level that allowed coastal ice margins to advance near to the shelf edge. Such carbonates were then stranded during subsequent sea-level rise. Productivity was enabled by attenuation of terrigenous mud deposition during these cold periods via reduced sedimentation together with active wave and tidal-current winnowing near the ice front. Redeposition was the result of intense storms and possibly tsunamis. These sub-arctic mixed siliciclasticcarbonate sediments are an end-member of the Phanerozoic global carbonate depositional realm whose skeletal attributes first appeared during late Palaeozoic southern hemisphere deglaciation.

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Ontogenic habitat shifts of the Iceland scallop, Chlamys islandica (Müller, 1776), in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Size-related decrease in spatial refuge use by Iceland scallops Chlamys islandica:ontogenetic behavioural changes or decreasing refuge availability?

Size-related decrease in spatial refuge use by Iceland scallops Chlamys islandica:ontogenetic behavioural changes or decreasing refuge availability?

Seasonal growth variation in Chlamys islandica (Bivalvia) from sub-Arctic Greenland is linked to food availability and temperature

Carbonates within a Pleistocene glaciomarine succession, Yakataga Formation, Middleton Island, Alaska

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