Ontogeny and osmoregulatory function of the urinary system in the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1897)

The developing zebrafish kidney is impaired by Deepwater Horizon crude oil early-life stage exposure: A molecular to whole-organism perspective

“…Freshwater species use their kidney to excrete a high amount of dilute urine to eliminate excess water gained by passive diffusion, while saltwater fish excrete a small amount of concentrated urine to conserve water. Yet, renal clearance capacity appears to develop relatively early in fish that inhabit fresh- (Kramer-Zucker et al 2005a;Rider et al 2012) and/or salt-waters (Tytler et al 1996;Tytler and Ireland 2000;Fedorova et al 2008;Abadi et al 2014), not only for osmoregulatory purposes, but mostly for proper pronephros development (Kramer-Zucker et al 2005a;Freund et al 2012), as fluid flow within the pronephros is required for collective cell migration and nephric segmentation.…”