Ontogeny and Paleoecology of the Middle Pennsylvanian Arborescent Lycopod Bothrodendron punctatum, Bothrodendraceae (Western Middle Anthracite Field, Shamokin Quadrangle, Pennsylvania)

Wnuk, Christopher

doi:10.2307/2444518

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Four of these characters (C3-C4, C6-C7) reflect the mode and timing of branching during ontogeny. Lepidodendralean stems branched isptomously {or near-isotomously) only during the final stages of growth (Walton, 1935;Andrews &L Murdy, 1958;Eggert, 1961;Wnuk, 1985); terminal branching is profuse in most OTUs, but infrequent in Anabathra, Sigillaria, and Diapkorodendron, and absent in Chaloneria (C3). Strongly anisotomous apical divisions during stem growth result in lateral branches that were deciduous (04) in aQ OTUs except Diaphorodendron scleroticum., where thick bark and wood suggest retention (DiMichele, 1981).…”

Section: A Habit (7 Characters)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Together, the above qualitative characters separate all of the cushion-bearing genera studied here, though morphometric quantification is necessary to separate species within each genus (Thomas, 1970b;DiMichele, 1983;Chaloner & Meyer-Berthaud, 1983;DiMichele et al, 1984;Wnuk, 1985). Although we have deliberately excluded metric characters from our analysis, to avoid arbitrary division of such characters into states, we made an exception for the length: width ratio of the leaf cushions (C52-C53).…”

Section: F Leaf Bases (15 Characters)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These trees were cheaply constructed. Secondary thickening ceased well before termination of growth; the resulting poor development of wood in both the crowns and the trunks meant that they relied primarUy on periderm for structural support (DiMichele, 1979a(DiMichele, , b, 1983Wnuk, 1985). This probably allowed channeling of more photosynthate into reproduction.…”

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Experimental Cladistic Analysis of Anatomically Preserved Arborescent Lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: An Essay on Paleobotanical Phylogenetics

Bateman¹,

DiMichele²,

Willard³

1992

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

166

133

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Section: A Habit (7 Characters)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F Leaf Bases (15 Characters)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental Cladistic Analysis of Anatomically Preserved Arborescent Lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: An Essay on Paleobotanical Phylogenetics

Bateman¹,

DiMichele²,

Willard³

1992

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

166

133

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“…This traditional and simplified view of these bizarre trees started to change with an onset of systematic study of anatomically preserved specimens and compressions of exceptionally complete lepidodendrid tree remains (e.g. Walton 1935, Andrews & Murdy 1958, Eggert 1961, Delevoryas 1964and especially DiMichele 1979a, b, 1980Wnuk 1985Wnuk , 1989. These studies proved that whole plant morphology of these plants is much more complex and that various growth strategies exist (for an overview see DiMichele 1992 andPhillips 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Andrews & Murdy 1958;Eggert 1961;DiMichele 1979a, b;1980, 1981Wnuk 1985Wnuk , 1989. Hypothetical reconstructions of very early ontogenetic stages of lepidodendrids depict these plants as leaf-bearing domed to cone-shaped poles stabilized by dichotomously branched anchoring and water absorbing rhizomorphs bearing helically arranged roots (Phillips & DiMichele 1992).…”

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Contribution to knowledge on ontogenetic developmental stages of Lepidodendron mannebachense Presl, 1838

Opluštil¹

2010

Bull. Geosci.

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A new reconstruction of Lepidodendron mannebachense is proposed here based on collection of well-preserved compressions from middle Moscovian volcanoclastics of the Radnice Basin, Czech Republic. These specimens that represent remains of juvenile and matured individuals make progress in our current knowledge on ontogeny of this species and help us to improve its whole plant reconstruction. The juvenile stage was characterised by an unbranched columnar stem. The mature stage of L. mannebachense had an umbrella-like canopy produced by combination of more or less isotomous apical dichotomies of the stem and main branches with anisotomous pseudomonopodial branching. Dichotomous branching built the frame of the crown and continued until the limit for meristem division was reached. However, most of thin terminal shoots were anisotomous lateral branches growing from the main dichotomies. Some of them as well as terminal branches bore cones on their tips. Only a narrow zone of leaves was maintained at any stage of tree development. In the mature stage, leaves were retained only at apical parts of terminal shoots. L. mannebachense was a monocarpic type of plant with a determinate growth. Lepidodendrid lycopsids dominated many early to middle Pennsylvanian tropical wetlands. During this period these spectacular plants contributed up to 60 to 80% to the biomass production in peat-forming habitats . Therefore it is not surprising that most of the reconstructions depict the Pennsylvanian coal measure forests as dominated by the arborescent lycopsids (e.g. Walton in MacGregor & Walton 1948). However, most reconstructions, especially the earlier ones, show lepidodendrids only as mature trees with an umbrella-like canopy produced by dichotomous branching (e.g. Hirmer 1927). This interpretation was based on scarce findings of some large specimens (e.g. Lindley & Hutton 1835/37, Scott 1920) and on commonly found fragments of branch compressions showing more or less isotomous dichotomous patterns. This traditional and simplified view of these bizarre trees started to change with an onset of systematic study of anatomically preserved specimens and compressions of exceptionally complete lepidodendrid tree remains (e.g. Walton 1935, Andrews & Murdy 1958, Eggert 1961, Delevoryas 1964 and especially DiMichele 1979a, b, 1980Wnuk 1985Wnuk , 1989. These studies proved that whole plant morphology of these plants is much more complex and that various growth strategies exist (for an overview see DiMichele 1992 andPhillips 1994). Therefore it is not surprising that new findings that contribute to understanding of whole-plant reconstruction of particular species are of interest to paleobotanists. Recently, several specimens of L. mannebachense that can contribute to our knowledge on ontogenetic developmental stages of this common arborescent lycopsid have been found when revising fossil plant collections in the Museum of the Geological Survey of Austria in Vienna, the National Museum in Prague and the West Bohemian Museum in Pilsen. The whole...

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The development of floristic provinciality during the Middle and Late Paleozoic

Wnuk

1996

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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Ontogeny and Paleoecology of the Middle Pennsylvanian Arborescent Lycopod Bothrodendron punctatum, Bothrodendraceae (Western Middle Anthracite Field, Shamokin Quadrangle, Pennsylvania)

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Cladistic Analysis of Anatomically Preserved Arborescent Lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: An Essay on Paleobotanical Phylogenetics

Experimental Cladistic Analysis of Anatomically Preserved Arborescent Lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: An Essay on Paleobotanical Phylogenetics

Contribution to knowledge on ontogenetic developmental stages of Lepidodendron mannebachense Presl, 1838

The development of floristic provinciality during the Middle and Late Paleozoic

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