Ontogeny of a Salt Marsh Estuary

Redfield, Alfred C.

doi:10.1126/science.147.3653.50

Cited by 161 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…): samples supplement those reported (Radiocarbon, 1963, v. 5, p. 315-316), which showed minimal age of intertidal salt marsh which formed in protection of Sandy Neck as this spit increased in length (Redfield, 1965). Age of samples is 500 to 700 yr less than samples of high marsh peat from same depths in Barnstable Marsh and using Barnstable marsh sea levels, these samples lay 0.5 to 2 m below est.…”

Section: Investigations Of Samples Of Manufactured Ironmentioning

confidence: 49%

Yale Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IX

Stuiver

1969

Radiocarbon

146

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The present list represents a major portion of the samples measured since publication of the last date list in 1963. As in previous lists, dates are reported in terms of the 5568 yr half-life. Infinite dates are reported as beyond a limit equal to 2Q above background. Nearly all of the samples were measured in one of three quartz counters with backgrounds of 0.7 to 1.2 cpm per liter of effective counting volume at working pressures of about two atmospheres. The age errors quoted are based only on the standard deviations in counting rates of sample and standards.

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Section: Investigations Of Samples Of Manufactured Ironmentioning

confidence: 49%

Yale Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IX

Stuiver

1969

Radiocarbon

146

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“…Some studies suggest tidalchannel development to be the result of depositional rather then erosional processes [e.g., Redfield, 1965;Hood, 2006], whereas others consider erosion as the dominant process [e.g., Fagherazzi and Sun, 2004;Perillo et al, 2005;D'Alpaos et al, 2005D'Alpaos et al, , 2007bVlaswinkel and Cantelli, 2011]. In the erosional scenario, differential erosion drives the evolution: Network configuration is driven by local excess in the bed shear stress compared to the critical threshold for sediment motion, as modelled in this experimental context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] Most models, both conceptual and numerical, describing the morphodynamic evolution of tidal channels cutting through vegetated or unvegetated platforms [e.g., Redfield, 1965;Allen, 1997;Hood, 2006;Kirwan and Murray, 2007;Temmerman et al, 2007;Hughes et al, 2009], account for the possible supply of sediments (e.g., from rivers or from the sea) whereas our experimental apparatus can reproduce only purely erosive settings. Some studies suggest tidalchannel development to be the result of depositional rather then erosional processes [e.g., Redfield, 1965;Hood, 2006], whereas others consider erosion as the dominant process [e.g., Fagherazzi and Sun, 2004;Perillo et al, 2005;D'Alpaos et al, 2005D'Alpaos et al, , 2007bVlaswinkel and Cantelli, 2011].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several mathematical models have been developed to describe the morphogenesis and development of tidal networks [e.g., Fagherazzi and Sun, 2004;D'Alpaos et al, 2005;Marciano et al, 2005;Kirwan and Murray, 2007;Temmerman et al, 2007]. These models deepen our understanding of tidal network growth, otherwise analyzed solely on the basis of field observations and related conceptual models [e.g., Redfield, 1965;Allen, 1997;Perillo et al, 2005;Hood, 2006;D'Alpaos et al, 2007b;Hughes et al, 2009]. In two cases tidal network initiation and development have been addressed with physical models [Stefanon et al, 2010;Vlaswinkel and Cantelli, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signatures of sea level changes on tidal geomorphology: Experiments on network incision and retreat

Stefanon¹,

Carniello²,

D’Alpaos³

et al. 2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] How do tidal networks respond to changes in relative mean sea level (RMSL)? The question on whether the morphological features of a tidal landscape retain signatures of past environmental forcings, or are in equilibrium with current ones, is critical to our prediction of the fate of residual tidal landforms. In the case of tidal networks, the issue is quite relevant owing to their fundamental role on landscape eco-morphodynamic evolution. Here we explore the response of tidal networks to cyclic variations in RMSL triggering tidal prism changes on the basis of laboratory experiments carried out in a synthetic lagoonal environment. A decrease in the tidal prism leads to network retreat and contraction of channel cross sections. Conversely, an increase in the tidal prism promotes network re-incision and re-expansion of channel cross sections: Network retreat and expansion tend to occur within the same planar blueprint. Our results show that the drainage density of tidal channels is linearly related to the landscape-forming prism, although this relation is speculated to hold with reasonable approximation as a statistical tendency rather than as a pointwise, instantaneous adaptation. Changes in tidal prism rapidly influence network efficiency in draining the intertidal platform and the related transport of water, sediments, nutrients and pollutants. This bears important consequences for quantitative predictions of the long-term ecomorphological adaptation of the tidal landscape to RMSL changes. Citation: Stefanon, L., L.Carniello, A. D'Alpaos, and A. Rinaldo (2012), Signatures of sea level changes on tidal geomorphology: Experiments on network incision and retreat, Geophys.

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“…Here, vegetation plays a direct role in sustaining the ecosystem. In tidal marshes, the presence of vegetation allows the ecosystem to maintain an equilibrium elevation relative to sea level (Redfield 1965;Morris 2006) by two primary mechanisms: (1) accumulation of organic soil by deposition of mostly endogenous organic matter (Turner 2004;Nyman et al 2006;Mitsch and Gosselink 2007) and (2) trapping of exogenous sediments during tidal inundation (Morris et al 2002;Mudd et al 2010). Shifts in biomass allocation under an altered resource environment may alter these processes, and hence alter the viability of the marshes (Reed 1995;Morris et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C3 and C4 Biomass Allocation Responses to Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen: Contrasting Resource Capture Strategies

White

Langley

Cahoon

et al. 2012

Estuaries and Coasts

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Plants alter biomass allocation to optimize resource capture. Plant strategy for resource capture may have important implications in intertidal marshes, where soil nitrogen (N) levels and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are changing. We conducted a factorial manipulation of atmospheric CO 2 (ambient and ambient+340 ppm) and soil N (ambient and ambient+25 gm −2 year −1 ) in an intertidal marsh composed of common North Atlantic C 3 and C 4 species. Estimation of C 3 stem turnover was used to adjust aboveground C 3 productivity, and fine root productivity was partitioned into C 3 -C 4 functional groups by isotopic analysis. The results suggest that the plants follow resource capture theory. The C 3 species increased aboveground productivity under the added N and elevated CO 2 treatment (P< 0.0001), but did not under either added N or elevated CO 2 alone. C 3 fine root production decreased with added N (P< 0.0001), but fine roots increased under elevated CO 2 (P0 0.0481). The C 4 species increased growth under high N availability both above-and belowground, but that stimulation was diminished under elevated CO 2 . The results suggest that the marsh vegetation allocates biomass according to resource capture at the individual plant level rather than for optimal ecosystem viability in regards to biomass influence over the processes that maintain soil surface elevation in equilibrium with sea level.

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Ontogeny of a Salt Marsh Estuary

Cited by 161 publications

References 4 publications

Yale Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IX

Yale Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IX

Signatures of sea level changes on tidal geomorphology: Experiments on network incision and retreat

C3 and C4 Biomass Allocation Responses to Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen: Contrasting Resource Capture Strategies

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