Ontogeny of innate and adaptive immune defense components in free-living tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor

Palacios, María G.; Cunnick, Joan E.; Vleck, David; Vleck, Carol M.

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2008.09.006

Cited by 91 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Additionally, Whiteman et al (2006) found that ectoparasite abundance on the Galapagos Hawk (Buteo galapagoensis) was negatively correlated with natural antibody titers, as measured by the hemolysis-hemagglutination assay. The lack of correlation between constitutive innate immunity and condition indices observed in this study is consistent with previous studies in birds (Palacios et al, 2009;Forsman et al, 2010), which suggest that the innate branch of the immune system is less sensitive to body condition than adaptive immunity. Additionally, anthropogenic food availability to urban birds is well known (Chamberlain et al, 2009), which might suggest that the birds measured here were not energetically limited, resulting in a minimal trade-off with immune function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, both of these studies observed improved bactericidal capacity after about 5 yr of age, a pattern that could result from natural culling of individuals with lower immunocompetence. A study comparing innate and adaptive immunity in juvenile and adult Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) found that innate defenses reached adult levels earlier than adaptive defenses (Palacios et al, 2009), which supports the lack of age-dependent microbicidal capacity in the current study. The interpretation of assays used to measure immune defense components as they relate to pathogen exposure is challenging.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Field Investigation of Innate Immunity in Passerine Birds in Suburban Chicago, Illinois, Usa

Girard

Goldberg

Hamer

2011

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, and it plays a fundamental role in coordinating a protective immune response in birds. Although many studies have evaluated avian immune responses in the laboratory, many fewer studies to date have done so in a field setting. To gain insight into interspecific differences in immune function in wild birds, we used a field-deployed in vitro microbicidal assay to measure constitutive innate immunity of whole blood collected from three common passerines in suburban Chicago, Illinois, in 2009. Data from one microbe, Escherichia coli 8739, revealed that American Robins (Turdus migratorius) had significantly lower bactericidal capacity than House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) or Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis). Bactericidal capacity for E. coli 8739 tended to be lower for birds infested with chewing lice than those without chewing lice, and male birds had lower microbicidal capacity than females in the case of Staphylococcus aureus. This study demonstrates the potential for field-deployable eco-immunologic tools to inform infectious disease ecology research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Field Investigation of Innate Immunity in Passerine Birds in Suburban Chicago, Illinois, Usa

Girard

Goldberg

Hamer

2011

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…This inflammatory response reflects an induced innate and adaptive immune response [11,14]. We also measured the activity of natural antibodies that circulate in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation as a measure of constitutive innate immune defences [14]. We followed the protocol by Matson et al [12] scaled to our sample sizes of plasma (between 15 and 25 ml).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inflammatory response at the point of injection was measured after 24 h with a pressure-sensitive micrometer to the nearest 0.01 mm [5]. This inflammatory response reflects an induced innate and adaptive immune response [11,14]. We also measured the activity of natural antibodies that circulate in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation as a measure of constitutive innate immune defences [14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A trade-off between embryonic development rate and immune function of avian offspring is revealed by considering embryonic temperature

2011

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Long embryonic periods are assumed to reflect slower intrinsic development that are thought to trade off to allow enhanced physiological systems, such as immune function. Yet, the relatively rare studies of this trade-off in avian offspring have not found the expected trade-off. Theory and tests have not taken into account the strong extrinsic effects of temperature on embryonic periods of birds. Here, we show that length of the embryonic period did not explain variation in two measures of immune function when temperature was ignored, based on studies of 34 Passerine species in tropical Venezuela (23 species) and north temperate Arizona (11 species). Variation in immune function was explained when embryonic periods were corrected for average embryonic temperature, in order to better estimate intrinsic rates of development. Immune function of offspring trades off with intrinsic rates of embryonic development once the extrinsic effects of embryonic temperatures are taken into account.

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“…Nestlings offer several advantages for studying natural patterns of arbovirus infection and thus the potential for transmission: 1) large numbers, especially of colonially nesting species (Buescher et al, 1959;Scott et al, 1984;O'Brien et al, 2011), can be located easily and predictably; 2) immunologically naïve nestlings are readily susceptible to infection even in areas where an arbovirus is enzootic and many of the adults have antibodies to the virus (Holden et al, 1973a); 3) nestlings, especially younger ones, may be more likely than adult birds to be fed on by insect vectors because the nestlings have not developed defensive behaviors to thwart biting by arthropods (Blackmore and Dow, 1958;Scott et al, 1990); and 4) nestling birds may not have as welldeveloped immune systems as adults (Apanius, 1998;Klasing and Leschinsky, 1999;Palacios et al, 2009) and therefore may exhibit longer-lasting or higher-titer viremias, facilitating detection and increased virus transmission to uninfected arthropod vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation and Age-Related Correlates of Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae) Infection in Nestling House Sparrows

O’Brien

Brown

2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Wild birds are rarely found with active arbovirus infections, and relatively little is known about the patterns of viremia they exhibit under field conditions or how infection varies with date, bird age, or other factors that potentially affect transmission dynamics. Buggy Creek virus (BCRV; Togaviridae, Alphavirus) is an arbovirus associated with colonially nesting Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and transmitted by its vector, the hematophagous swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius), an ectoparasite of the Cliff Swallow. Introduced House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) that have occupied swallow nests at colony sites in peridomestic settings are also exposed to BCRV when fed upon by swallow bugs. We used data from 882 nestling House Sparrows in western Nebraska from 2006 to 2008 to examine seasonal variation and age-related correlates of virus infection in the field. Over 17% of nestling House Sparrows had active infections. Prevalence was higher in 2007 than in 2008 when birds from all colony sites were analyzed, but there was no significant difference between years for sites sampled in both seasons. Buggy Creek virus prevalence was similar in early and late summer, with a peak in midsummer, coinciding with the greatest swallow bug abundance. Nestlings 10 days of age and younger were most commonly infected, and the likelihood of BCRV infection declined for older nestlings. Average viremia titers also declined with age (but did not vary with date) and were high enough at all nestling ages to likely infect blood-feeding arthropods (swallow bugs). Length of viremia for nestlings in the field was $4 days, in agreement with an earlier study of BCRV. Nestling birds offer many advantages for field studies of arbovirus amplification and transmission.

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Ontogeny of innate and adaptive immune defense components in free-living tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor

Cited by 91 publications

References 43 publications

Field Investigation of Innate Immunity in Passerine Birds in Suburban Chicago, Illinois, Usa

Field Investigation of Innate Immunity in Passerine Birds in Suburban Chicago, Illinois, Usa

A trade-off between embryonic development rate and immune function of avian offspring is revealed by considering embryonic temperature

Seasonal Variation and Age-Related Correlates of Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae) Infection in Nestling House Sparrows

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