Ontogeny of Mast Cells in the Ventral Prostate of the Rat

Hammel, Ilan; Roizman, Pepi; Massas, R.; Abramovici, Armand

doi:10.1159/000235303

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Depending on the organic system, differentiation state, stage of maturation as well as pathological conditions, mast cells can be heterogeneous in terms of their phenotype, functional properties, and local distribution [62,63]. In the ventral prostate, a quantitative analysis revealed a correlation between the numerical density of mast cells and the age of the rat, since their frequency increases during pre-puberty, remaining constant in the puberty and adult phases [64]. Mast cells participate in inflammatory reactions, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix reabsorption [65], fibrosis and tissue reconstruction [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful effects of carbamazepine on the postnatal development of the rat ventral prostate

Oliva

Scarano

Okada

et al. 2012

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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BackgroundCarbamazepine (CBZ) is a first-line antiepileptic drug (AED), although it is also used for the treatments of psychiatric disorders and neuropathic pain. The CBZ utilization has been associated with male reproductive damage, including hormonal alterations, sexual dysfunction and reduction of sperm quality. The wide and long-term use of the CBZ is a common schedule in children and adolescents and alters the testosterone level in adult rats and humans. The objective of this work was to evaluate the CBZ side effects on the ventral prostate of rats from pre-puberty to sexual maturation, since the prostate is an androgen-dependent organ.MethodsTwenty three day-old male albino Wistar rats received CBZ diluted in propylene glycol (20 mg/Kg/i.p via). The treatment lasted 20, 40 and 70 days, according to the different stages of the rat sexual maturation. At the end of each treatment period, ventral prostates were removed and histologically processed. The prostate sections were submitted to the histopathological, morphological and stereological analyses using image analysis system.ResultsReductions of the glandular epithelium, glandular lumen and fibromuscular stroma volume of the ventral prostate were observed in adult rats treated with CBZ since the weaning. Triggering and degranulation of mast cells were observed in the fibromuscular stroma of prepubertal and pubertal CBZ treated rats.ConclusionsThe results suggest a direct effect of the CBZ on rat ventral prostate, evidenced by increase of mast cell and macrophage populations during pre-puberty and puberty causing a ventral prostate accentuated damage in the adult phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful effects of carbamazepine on the postnatal development of the rat ventral prostate

Oliva

Scarano

Okada

et al. 2012

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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“…Mast cells play an important role in allergy syndromes, the IgE-mediated afferent arm of the type I hypersensitivity response (1)(2)(3). Using this technique, we were able to detect the procarboxypeptidase epitopes in the immature and mature granules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest concentration is in the skin, airways, and gastrointestinal system (1). Basic dyes, which stain sulfated negatively charged proteoglycans, are used to differentiate the tissue mast cells (1)(2)(3)(4). The secretory granule content is considered to play a major role in the induction of hypersensitivity reactions upon cell activation.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Immunocytochemical Approach to the Demonstration of Intracellular Processing of Mast Cell Carboxypeptidase

Rath‐Wolfson

2001

Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology

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Newly synthesized secretory proteins are transported from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex where they can undergo posttranslational modification and are then packaged for secretion by concentration within membrane-bound very small progranules that fuse to form large immature granules. The contents of these vesicles are thought to be then processed, forming mature secretory granules. After acquiring their mature appearance, the secretory granules reside in the cytoplasm until they are secreted. In this study, we raised antibodies against the first 15 N-terminal amino acids of mast cell pro-carboxypeptidase and the last 14 C-terminal amino acids of mast cell carboxypeptidase. Immunohistochemical localization of the two peptides was carried out in human breast tissue and rat tissue (ear, skin, peritoneum, and tongue). In all cases, both epitopes were demonstrated only in mast cell secretory granules. However, mast cells from 3-week-old rats were more positive for the pro-enzyme compared to 3-month-old rats. Human mast cells in breast tissues were mostly negative for the pro-enzyme and positive for the carboxypeptidase. On the basis of these observations, it seems that posttransitional modification of the pro-enzyme to form the active enzyme occurs in the mast cell secretory granules.

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“…Numerous mast cells are observed in the stroma of the rat ventral prostate, and they are often observed close to blood vessels (24). In other tissues, mast cells are involved in angiogenesis (25) and in the control of local blood flow and inflammation (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone Stimulates Angiogenesis and Vascular Regrowth in the Ventral Prostate in Castrated Adult Rats¹

et al. 1998

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The castration-induced regression and testosterone stimulated regrowth of the vasculature in the rat ventral prostate lobe were studied using stereological techniques. Seven days after castration, the endothelial cell proliferation rate (bromodeoxyuridine labeling index); the total weights of blood vessel walls, blood vessel lumina, endothelial cells, glandular epithelial cells; and total organ weight were all decreased. Within 2 days after sc treatment with testosterone, the total weights of blood vessel walls, endothelial cells, and vascular lumina, as well as the endothelial cell proliferation rate, were all normalized. In contrast to the rapid response of the vasculature, the total weight of glandular epithelium and total organ weight were not normalized during the 4 days of testosterone treatment. Growth of the vasculature apparently precedes growth of the glandular epithelium. The testosterone-dependent factors stimulating the vasculature are unknown, but factors derived from epithelial cells, mast cells (which accumulate in the prostate during the first day of testosterone treatment), and tissue macrophages could all be involved. Castrationinduced regression and testosterone-stimulated regrowth of the prostatic vasculature can be used as an experimental model to study factors regulating angiogenesis and organ growth in the prostate. (Endocrinology 139: [451][452][453][454][455][456] 1998) V ASCULAR density and vascular invasion are related to the risk of extraprostatic growth (1), metastasis (2, 3), disease progression (4), and cancer-specific survival (5) in prostate cancer patients. In addition, the growth of a human prostate cancer cell line (PC3) in nude mice is remarkably inhibited after treatment with the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin (6). The castration-induced involution of the rat ventral prostate is preceded by a marked decrease in organ blood flow (7). These recent observations suggest that the vasculature could play a more central role in the regulation of the normal prostate and prostate tumors than earlier recognized. The factors controlling blood flow, endothelial cell proliferation, and other aspects of angiogenesis in the normal prostate and in prostate cancers are however largely unknown.Previous studies have suggested that castration reduces endothelial cell numbers and the endothelial cell proliferation rate in the adult rat ventral prostate, and that they are normalized by testosterone treatment (8). Similarly, castration decreases and testosterone treatment rapidly normalizes blood flow to the adult rat ventral prostate (7). These studies indicate that the vasculature could be regulated, directly or indirectly, by androgens. If this is the case, castrationinduced involution and testosterone-stimulated regrowth could be used to study factors regulating angiogenesis, vascular growth, and local blood flow in the normal prostate, and to examine the role of vascular factors in prostate physiology and pathology. The aim of this study therefore was to examine, in detail, how...

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Ontogeny of Mast Cells in the Ventral Prostate of the Rat

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Harmful effects of carbamazepine on the postnatal development of the rat ventral prostate

Harmful effects of carbamazepine on the postnatal development of the rat ventral prostate

An Immunocytochemical Approach to the Demonstration of Intracellular Processing of Mast Cell Carboxypeptidase

Testosterone Stimulates Angiogenesis and Vascular Regrowth in the Ventral Prostate in Castrated Adult Rats¹

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Ontogeny of Mast Cells in the Ventral Prostate of the Rat

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Harmful effects of carbamazepine on the postnatal development of the rat ventral prostate

Harmful effects of carbamazepine on the postnatal development of the rat ventral prostate

An Immunocytochemical Approach to the Demonstration of Intracellular Processing of Mast Cell Carboxypeptidase

Testosterone Stimulates Angiogenesis and Vascular Regrowth in the Ventral Prostate in Castrated Adult Rats1

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Testosterone Stimulates Angiogenesis and Vascular Regrowth in the Ventral Prostate in Castrated Adult Rats¹