Ontogeny of olfaction: Development of the rats' sensitivity to urine and amyl acetate

Alberts, Jeffrey R.; May, Brad

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90157-2

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…First, the sensitivity of rabbit pups to the MP may fluctuate or decline with structural/functional maturation of the olfac- tory system (e.g., Alberts & May, 1980, Meisami et al, 1990. Such changes may redirect pup odour perception from a more or less exclusive reliance on the MP to a more generalist mode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent changes in the maternal emission and pup reception of the rabbit mammary pheromone

Coureaud

Langlois²,

Perrier³

et al. 2006

Chemoecology

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Lactating rabbit females emit volatile odour cues that trigger specialized motor actions leading to sucking. But the activity of these cues may change with advancing lactation. Here, we tested this possibility in three experiments. In Exp. 1, we assessed whether 2-day-old pups respond differently to the odour of milk from females in early (day 2) as compared to late (day 23) lactation. In Exp. 2, a compound bearing pheromonal properties, the Mammary Pheromone (MP), was dosed in these milks to assess whether its concentration is correlated with behavioural activity. In Exp. 3, the responsiveness to a constant level of MP was compared in d2 versus d23-pups. Run on 240 pups, the assays showed that a) the milk activity declines between d2 and d23 of lactation; b) during this same period, the concentration of the MP decreases in milk; c) the MP itself becomes less active to elicit oral grasping in pre-weaning pups than in newborns. These results indicate that the MP is active during the period when pups are exclusively dependent on milk. The convergent changes in emission and reception of this pheromone may sequentially warrant that pups are first attracted to the mammae, and then that they progressively disinvest the mother as they begin to eat solid food and to be attracted by other conspecific

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent changes in the maternal emission and pup reception of the rabbit mammary pheromone

Coureaud

Langlois²,

Perrier³

et al. 2006

Chemoecology

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“…Theoretically, the convergence of a higher number of olfactory receptor cells onto secondary processing units (mitral cells) in the ECL of the bulb leads to greater olfactory acuity or sensitivity [van Drongelen et al, 1978;DuChamp-Viret et al, 1989;Mei sami, 1989]. In many of the vertebrates discussed above, such an increase in the 'convergence ratio' of the bulb has been described [lungfish - Derivot, 1984b;frogs -Byrd and Burd, 1991;ferrets -Apfelbach and Weiler, 1994;rab bits -Meisami et al, 1990;rats -Meisami, 1989;Apfel bach et al, 1991J, and shown to correlate with increased olfactory sensitivity both behaviorally and physiologically [Alberts and May, 1980;Apfelbach et al, 1991].…”

Section: Patterns O F Growth In the Vertebrate Olfactory System And Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

Postembryonic Changes in the Structure of the Olfactory Bulb of the Chinook Salmon <i>(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) </i>Across its Life History

Jarrard

1997

Brain Behav Evol

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Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) memorize odors characteristic of their natal stream, then use these imprinted olfactory cues to return to that same stream years later as sexually mature adults. In a preliminary effort to identify neuroanatomical changes in the salmon olfactory system that may underlie these behavioral capabilities, the structure of the olfactory bulb (OB) was studied at three developmental periods across the life history: in early juvenile development (0.1–4 months of age), in late juvenile development (11–16 months), and as spawning adults (48 months). Using antibodies that selectively label primary olfactory afferents (anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin), combined with a thionin countemain, the telencephalon (TEL), OB, and two of the bulb''s laminar components, the olfactory nerve-glomerular layer (ONL-GL) and inner cell layer (ICL), could be easily identified. Laminar organization and relative volume (i.e. percent of OB comprised by ONL-GL or ICL) were then compared across groups, and absolute volumes of the OB, ONL-GL, and ICL were compared to that of the TEL at each stage. Three age-related processes were observed across the life history. First, a rapid increase in organizational and structural maturity of the OB was found to be confined to early juvenile life. Second, an increase in OB, ONL-GL, and ICL volume, relative to TEL volume, was found to occur across the entire life history. Lastly, the composition of the OB itself changed, in that an increase in the relative volume of the ONL-GL, and a decrease in that of the ICL, were observed across the life history. Taken together, these results indicate that the OB of young salmon matures dramatically while the fish is still in the freshwater phase of its life history. Then, during migration to the ocean and growth to the adult stage, the volume of the OB, relative to that of the telencephalon, and the relative volume of the input layer of the bulb, both undergo a marked, continuous increase. These changes in the structure, and presumably the function, of the olfactory bulb of salmon may be important in the behavioral phenomena of olfactory imprinting as juveniles and homing as adults.

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“…Utilizing the appropriate unconditioned stimulus is crucial for strong associations to guide behavioral responses. Several research groups have utilized maternal odors as cues leading to strong conditioning effects (Raineki et al, 2010; Alberts and May, 1980; Sevelinges et al, 2009; Sanchez-Andrade, 2009). Designing a paradigm to use with rat pups was innovative in that it utilized an odorant paired with maternal exposure after acute isolation as the unconditioned stimulus (Nelson and Panksepp, 1996).…”

Section: Asking the Pup: Conditioned Odor Preference Tests And Maternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat pup social motivation: A critical component of early psychological development

Cromwell

2011

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Examining the role of the offspring in early social dynamics is especially difficult. Human developmental psychology has found infant behavior to be a vital part of the early environmental setting. In the rodent model, the different ways that a rodent neonate or pup can influence social dynamics are not well known. Typically, litters of neonates or pups offer complex social interactions dominated by behavior seemingly initiated and maintained by the primary caregiver (e.g., the dam). Despite this strong role for the caregiver, the young most likely influence the litter dynamics in many powerful ways including communication signals, discrimination abilities and early approach behavior. Nelson and Panksepp (1996) developed a preference task to examine early rodent pup social motivation. We have used the same task to examine how variations in maternal care or different environmental perturbations could alter the rat pup preferences for social-related stimuli. Rat pups receiving low levels of maternal licking and grooming were impaired in maternal odor cue learning and emitted lower levels of 22 kHz ultrasounds compared to pups from the high licking and grooming cohort. Prenatal stress or early exposure to a toxicant (polychlorinated biphenyl) altered early social preferences in the rat pup in different ways indicating that diverse strategies are expressed and specific to the type of perturbation exposure. A greater focus on the offspring motivation following early 'stressors' will allow for more complete understanding of the dynamics in behavior during early social development. KeywordsAttachment emotion; epigenetics; stress; toxicology Early social development involves dynamic interactionsThe idea that there is a continuous interaction between individuals during early development is not new (Bishop and Merrill, 1951;Sander, 1962;Wolff, 1963). Bowlby emphasized this fact throughout his writings (1973 (1982) and a significant amount of child developmental work has focused on different aspects of this dynamic social environment (Courage and Howe, 2002;Pelaez et al., 2008;Repacholi, 2009). This has included work on joint attention (Grossberg and Vladusich, 2010), interactive speech and learning (Gogate et al., 2000) and the gradual development of theory of mind (Wellman and Brandone, 2009). These different Address Correspondence to: Howard Casey Cromwell, Department of Psychology, Psychology Building, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green Ohio 43403, hcc@bgsu.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Bowlby's work originated out of studies on animal ...

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Ontogeny of olfaction: Development of the rats' sensitivity to urine and amyl acetate

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

Convergent changes in the maternal emission and pup reception of the rabbit mammary pheromone

Convergent changes in the maternal emission and pup reception of the rabbit mammary pheromone

Postembryonic Changes in the Structure of the Olfactory Bulb of the Chinook Salmon <i>(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) </i>Across its Life History

Rat pup social motivation: A critical component of early psychological development

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