Ontogeny of Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Subplate of Fetal and Neonatal Rat Cortex

Jahagirdar, V.; Wagner, Christine K.

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp165

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This developmental pattern of PRir expression comes to an end sometime between postnatal d 14 and 28. There are no striking sex differences in PR expression in neocortex, in contrast to those in preoptic and hypothalamic regions (Lopez, V., and C. K. Wagner, unpublished observations), nor is PR in cortex altered by testosterone or estradiol exposure (45). Rather, preliminary work from our laboratory suggests that PR expression in cortex is regulated by maternal thyroid hormone levels (46), consistent with an earlier report by Hirata et al (47).…”

Section: Expression Of Pr In Nonreproductive Areas Of Developing Malesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Rather, PR in cortex appears to be regulated maternal thyroid hormone levels (46,47). PR activity during late fetal and early postnatal life may play a critical role in the proper development of specific cortical lamina in both males and females.…”

Section: A Working Model Of Pr and The Development Of The Male Rodentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cortex, a nonreproductive area of the brain, PR expression is similar in males and females and is not regulated by either estradiol or androgen exposure (45). Rather, PR in cortex appears to be regulated maternal thyroid hormone levels (46,47).…”

Section: A Working Model Of Pr and The Development Of The Male Rodentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progesterone Receptors and Neural Development: A Gap between Bench and Bedside?

Wagner

2008

Endocrinology

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Despite a recent increase in the clinical use of progesterone in pregnant women and premature neonates, very little is understood about the potential role of this hormone and its receptors in neural development. Findings from rodent models indicate that the brain is indeed sensitive to progesterone during critical periods of development and maturation. Dramatic sex differences in progesterone receptor (PR) expression, in which males express higher levels of PR than females in specific regions, suggest that PR may play an important role in the sexual differentiation of brain and behavior and that the expression of PR may be one mechanism by which testicular hormones masculinize the brain. PR is also transiently expressed during fetal and neonatal development in areas of the brain associated with cognitive behaviors. PR protein and mRNA are expressed in pyramidal cell layers of perinatal cortex in an anatomically and developmentally specific manner, generating the intriguing hypothesis that progesterone is essential for normal cortical development. Basic research elucidating a potential role for progesterone and PR in developing brain is reviewed in light of the clinical use of this hormone. The necessity for future research integrating findings from the bench and the bedside is evident.

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Section: Expression Of Pr In Nonreproductive Areas Of Developing Malesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: A Working Model Of Pr and The Development Of The Male Rodentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progesterone Receptors and Neural Development: A Gap between Bench and Bedside?

Wagner

2008

Endocrinology

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“…Furthermore, it might upregulate the well-known inhibitory transmitter GABAa and may reduce the apoptosis by downregulation of NFκB [83-85]. Taken together, P4 along with E2 plays a critical role in neuronal developmental processes not only in prenatal period but in adulthood as well [86, 87]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of estetrol with other steroids for attenuation of neonatal hypoxic-Ischemic brain injury: to combine or not to combine?

et al. 2016

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Estetrol (E4), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) have important antioxidative and neuroprotective effects in neuronal system. We aimed to study the consequence of combined steroid therapy in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In vitro the effect of E4 combined with other steroids on oxidative stress and the cell viability in primary hippocampal cultures was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase and cell survival assays. In vivo neuroprotective and therapeutic efficacy of E4 combined with other steroids was studied in HIE model of immature rats. The rat pups rectal temperature, body and brain weights were evaluated. The hippocampus and the cortex were investigated by histo/immunohistochemistry: intact cell number counting, expressions of markers for early gray matter lose, neuro- and angiogenesis were studied. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was evaluated by ELISA in blood samples. In vitro E4 and combinations of high doses of E4 with P4 and/or E2 significantly diminished the LDH activity and upregulated the cell survival.In vivopretreatment or treatment by different combinations of E4 with other steroids had unalike effects on body and brain weight, neuro- and angiogenesis, and GFAP expression in blood. The combined use of E4 with other steroids has no benefit over the single use of E4.

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“…In addition, breast-fed infants may be exposed to progestins from the use by lactating women as contraceptives (Wagner, 2008). Animal studies indicate that the brain is sensitive to PROG during development and PROG receptors transiently express in the cerebral cortex during perinatal period Life Sciences 87 (2010) 738-742 (Jahagirdar and Wagner, 2010). Furthermore, there are sex differences in PROG receptor expression (Wagner, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%