Ontogeny of RORγt+ cells in the intestine of newborns and its role in the development of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Zhao, Xiuhao; Liang, Wenhua; Wang, Yonghui; Yi, Ruirong; Luo, Lingjie; Wang, Weifang; Sun, Nannan; Yu, Mingcheng; Xu, Weijue; Sheng, Qingfeng; Lü, Li; Pang, Jianfeng; Lv, Zhibao; Wang, Feng

doi:10.1186/s13578-021-00739-6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Fetus-derived CD4 + T -cells preferentially produce Th2 cytokines when stimulated with low amounts of antigen ( 216 , 217 ). Antigenic encounters in the phase before weaning (the window of opportunity) have the ability to induce the differentiation of neonatal CD8 + T -cells to RORγt + Tregs ( 218 , 219 ). Upon re-exposure to the same antigen later in life, the infant is more likely to elicit a more tolerant immune reactivity ( 220 ).…”

Section: Postnatal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of systemic and mucosal immune responses against gut microbiota in early life and implications for the onset of allergies

Pirker,

Vogl

2024

Front. Allergy

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The early microbial colonization of human mucosal surfaces is essential for the development of the host immune system. Already during pregnancy, the unborn child is prepared for the postnatal influx of commensals and pathogens via maternal antibodies, and after birth this protection is continued with antibodies in breast milk. During this critical window of time, which extends from pregnancy to the first year of life, each encounter with a microorganism can influence children's immune response and can have a lifelong impact on their life. For example, there are numerous links between the development of allergies and an altered gut microbiome. However, the exact mechanisms behind microbial influences, also extending to how viruses influence host-microbe interactions, are incompletely understood. In this review, we address the impact of infants’ first microbial encounters, how the immune system develops to interact with gut microbiota, and summarize how an altered immune response could be implied in allergies.

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Section: Postnatal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of systemic and mucosal immune responses against gut microbiota in early life and implications for the onset of allergies

Pirker,

Vogl

2024

Front. Allergy

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“…Drosophila Toll was discovered as a receptor for dorso-ventral patterning during development and was later identified as a participant in immunity against fungal infections ( 84 ). Consequently, several other homologues of Toll, named Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were discovered in mammals.…”

Section: Immunological Status Of Infants With Necmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, retinoic acid-induced polarization of CD4 + T cells towards Treg from Th17 resulted in reduced NEC severity ( 123 ). Furthermore, Zhao et al reported an increased percentage of RORγt + cells (inflammatory Th17 and type 3 innate lymphoid cell populations) in the intestinal lamina of mice and humans with NEC compared to those without NEC ( 84 ). Studies have also demonstrated a significant decrease in lamina propria associated Treg cells in surgical NEC specimens ( 85 , 86 , 89 ).…”

Section: Immunological Status Of Infants With Necmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis

et al. 2023

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating, multifactorial disease mainly affecting the intestine of premature infants. Recent discoveries have significantly enhanced our understanding of risk factors, as well as, cellular and genetic mechanisms of this complex disease. Despite these advancements, no essential, single risk factor, nor the mechanism by which each risk factor affects NEC has been elucidated. Nonetheless, recent research indicates that maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, feeding, hypoxia, and altered gut microbiota pose a threat to the underdeveloped immunity of preterm infants. Here we review predisposing factors, status of unwarranted immune responses, and microbial pathogenesis in NEC based on currently available scientific evidence. We additionally discuss novel techniques and models used to study NEC and how this research translates from the bench to the bedside into potential treatment strategies.

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“…Maintaining an appropriate balance between the tolerogenic IL-22 and proinflammatory IL-17 is necessary for enabling GALT to distinguish between gut commensals and pathogens [66]. For example, GALT dyshomeostasis, due to dysfunctional ILC3 and an impaired Tregs/Th17 ratio, was demonstrated to trigger food allergies and IBD [67][68][69].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Translocation Disorders: Assigning an Etiology to Idiopathic Illnesses

Sfera

Hazan²,

Klein

et al. 2023

Applied Microbiology

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Gut microbes are immunologically tolerated in the gastrointestinal tract but trigger aggressive immune responses upon translocation across the gut barrier. Although oral tolerance, a physiological process that dampens immune responses to food proteins and commensal microbiota, remains poorly defined, significant progress was made during and after the Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic in the 1980s and the discovery of regulatory T cells in 1995. Additional insight was gained after the discoveries of innate lymphoid cells in 2008 and the functional elucidation of mucosal mast cells. Prior to the historical discovery of human pathogens, the etiologies of most human diseases were considered unknown. The same was true about many genetic disorders prior to the Human Genome Project. Here, we hypothesize that many of the remaining idiopathic conditions, including autoimmune, fibroproliferative, and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as some cancers, can be considered microbial translocation disorders triggered by the host immune responses to extraintestinal gut microbes and/or their constituent parts. In addition to microbial translocation, we also discuss potential interventions for intestinal barrier rehabilitation, including antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A and membrane lipid replacement supplements.

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Ontogeny of RORγt+ cells in the intestine of newborns and its role in the development of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Development of systemic and mucosal immune responses against gut microbiota in early life and implications for the onset of allergies

Development of systemic and mucosal immune responses against gut microbiota in early life and implications for the onset of allergies

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis

Microbial Translocation Disorders: Assigning an Etiology to Idiopathic Illnesses

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