Ontological security and connectivity provided by pets: a study in the self-management of the everyday lives of people diagnosed with a long-term mental health condition

Abstract

BackgroundDespite evidence that connecting people to relevant wellbeing-related resources brings therapeutic benefit, there is limited understanding, in the context of mental health recovery, of the potential value and contribution of pet ownership to personal support networks for self-management. This study aimed to explore the role of pets in the support and management activities in the personal networks of people with long-term mental health problems.MethodsSemi-structured interviews centred on ‘ego’ network mapping were conducted in two locations (in the North West and in the South of England) with 54 participants with a diagnosis of a long-term mental health problem. Interviews explored the day-to-day experience of living with a mental illness, informed by the notion of illness work undertaken by social network members within personal networks. Narratives were elicited that explored the relationship, value, utility and meaning of pets in the context of the provision of social support and management provided by other network members. Interviews were recorded, then transcribed verbatim before being analysed using a framework analysis.ResultsThe majority of pets were placed in the central, most valued circle of support within the network diagrams. Pets were implicated in relational work through the provision of secure and intimate relationships not available elsewhere. Pets constituted a valuable source of illness work in managing feelings through distraction from symptoms and upsetting experiences, and provided a form of encouragement for activity. Pets were of enhanced salience where relationships with other network members were limited or difficult. Despite these benefits, pets were unanimously neither considered nor incorporated into individual mental health care plans.ConclusionsDrawing on a conceptual framework built on Corbin and Strauss’s notion of illness ‘work’ and notions of a personal workforce of support undertaken within whole networks of individuals, this study contributes to our understanding of the role of pets in the daily management of long-term mental health problems. Pets should be considered a main rather than a marginal source of support in the management of long-term mental health problems, and this has implications for the planning and delivery of mental health services.

How do people with long‐term mental health problems negotiate relationships with network members at times of crisis?

“…The results implicate the need to consider strategies for further understanding and promoting sustainable flexibility within networks, to preserve the diverse nature of day‐to‐day social membership. The presence of a range of network configurations implies a rich source of personal social and emotional relationships from which to draw upon in the everyday lives of people with MH problems and a smaller, closer set at times of crises. Identifying points at which relational work might enhance people's sources of support and access to valued activities is likely to enhance people's quality of life in living with a MH problem .…”

The work and relatedness of ties mediated online in supporting long‐term condition self‐management

“…Data analysis was carried out concurrently with data collection as part of an iterative process. As with Brooks et al (2016), illness work , was used as a conceptual starting point to the analysis, following which, inductive thematic analysis was used to identify the strategies used to draw illness work from on and offline ties. Transcripts were read multiple times to ensure familiarity with the data, prior to the initial coding, which was carried out by several authors from a range of disciplinary backgrounds including Nursing and Medical Sociology.…”

“…This approach was adapted from Pahl and Spencer's () work on personal networks, used in previous research examining the diversity of illness related work (Brooks et al . , Vassilev et al . ).…”

“…As with Brooks et al . (), illness work (Rogers et al . ), was used as a conceptual starting point to the analysis, following which, inductive thematic analysis was used to identify the strategies used to draw illness work from on and offline ties.…”

“…A convoy model was used to map the participants 'ego' network and was used primarily as a heuristic device, to gain a better understanding of the people and/or groups considered to be important to the participant's everyday self-management. This approach was adapted from Pahl and Spencer's (2010) work on personal networks, used in previous research examining the diversity of illness related work (Brooks et al 2016, Vassilev et al 2013.…”