Onychomycosis in children

Piraccini, Bianca Maria; Patrizi, Annalisa; Sisti, Andrea; Neri, Iria; Tosti, Antonella

doi:10.1586/edm.12.58

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Onychomycosis is less common in children, with an approximate worldwide prevalence of < 0·5% . However, as in adults, the toenails are more commonly affected, and DLSO is the most common presentation .…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014

et al. 2014

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Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014

et al. 2014

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“…From 2002 to 2007, the department of dermatology at the University of Bologna in Italy saw 15 children with onychomycosis, 53 % of whom displayed the same predisposing factors as adults, i.e. domestic onychomycosis, dermatophyte‐contaminated surroundings as well as physical activity . Candida onychomycoses have been seen in premature newborns with incompletely developed immune systems, children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and in iatrogenic immunosuppression.…”

Section: Clinical Picture Of Onychomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycology – an update Part 2: Dermatomycoses: Clinical picture and diagnostics

Nenoff¹,

Krüger²,

Schaller

et al. 2014

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

100

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Summary Most fungal infections of the skin are caused by dermatophytes, both in Germany and globally. Tinea pedis is the most frequent fungal infection in Western industrial countries. Tinea pedis frequently leads to tinea unguium, while in the elderly, both may then spread causing tinea corporis. A variety of body sites may be affected, including tinea glutealis, tinea faciei and tinea capitis. The latter rarely occurs in adults, but is the most frequent fungal infection in childhood. Following antifungal treatment of tinea unguium and also tinea capitis a dermatophytid or hyperergic reaction to dermatophyte antigens may occur. Yeast infections affect the mucous membranes both of the gastro‐intestinal system and the genital tract as candidiasis mostly due to Candida albicans. Cutaneous candidiasis affects predominantely the intertriginous regions such as groins and the inframammary area, but also the intertriginous space of fingers and toes. In contrast, pityriasis versicolor is a superficial epidermal fungal infection primarily on the the trunk. Mold infections are rare in dermatology; they play a role nearly exclusively in nondermatophyte‐mold (NDM) onychomycosis. The diagnosis of dermatomycoses comprises the microscopic detection of fungi using the potassium hydroxide preparation or alternatively the fluorescence optical Blankophor preparation together with culture. The histological fungal detection with PAS staining possesses a high sensitivity, and it should play a more important role in particular for diagnosis of onychomycosis. Molecular biological methods, based on the amplification of fungal DNA with use of specific primers for the distinct causative agents are on the rise. With PCR, such as dermatophyte‐PCR‐ELISA, fungi can be detected directly in clinical material in a highly specific and sensitive manner without prior culture. Today, molecular methods, such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐Of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) as culture confirmation assay, complete the conventional mycological diagnostics.

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“…2002–2007 waren an der Universitätshautklinik Bologna in Italien 15 Kinder mit Onychomykose vorstellig, von denen 53 % dieselben disponierenden Faktoren wie Erwachsene aufwiesen, d. h. eine Onychomykose in der Familie, Dermatophyten‐kontaminierte Umgebung sowie sportliche Aktivitäten . Candida ‐Onychomykosen fanden sich bei unreifen Neugeborenen mit unvollständig entwickeltem Immunsystem, Kindern mit chronischer mukokutaner Candidose und bei iatrogener Immunsuppression.…”

Section: Klinisches Bild Der Onychomykoseunclassified

Mykologie – ein Update Teil 2: Dermatomykosen: Klinisches Bild und Diagnostik

Nenoff

Krüger²,

Schaller³

et al. 2014

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Most fungal infections of the skin are caused by dermatophytes, both in Germany and globally. Tinea pedis is the most frequent fungal infection in Western industrial countries. Tinea pedis frequently leads to tinea unguium, while in the elderly, both may then spread causing tinea corporis. A variety of body sites may be affected, including tinea glutealis, tinea faciei and tinea capitis. The latter rarely occurs in adults, but is the most frequent fungal infection in childhood. Following antifungal treatment of tinea unguium and also tinea capitis a dermatophytid or hyperergic reaction to dermatophyte antigens may occur. Yeast infections affect the mucous membranes both of the gastro-intestinal system and the genital tract as candidiasis mostly due to Candida albicans. Cutaneous candidiasis affects predominantely the intertriginous regions such as groins and the inframammary area, but also the intertriginous space of fingers and toes. In contrast, pityriasis versicolor is a superficial epidermal fungal infection primarily on the the trunk. Mold infections are rare in dermatology; they play a role nearly exclusively in nondermatophyte-mold (NDM) onychomycosis. The diagnosis of dermatomycoses comprises the microscopic detection of fungi using the potassium hydroxide preparation or alternatively the fluorescence optical Blankophor preparation together with culture. The histological fungal detection with PAS staining possesses a high sensitivity, and it should play a more important role in particular for diagnosis of onychomycosis. Molecular biological methods, based on the amplification of fungal DNA with use of specific primers for the distinct causative agents are on the rise. With PCR, such as dermatophyte-PCR-ELISA, fungi can be detected directly in clinical material in a highly specific and sensitive manner without prior culture. Today, molecular methods, such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) as culture confirmation assay, complete the conventional mycological diagnostics.

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Onychomycosis in children

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014

British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014

Mycology – an update Part 2: Dermatomycoses: Clinical picture and diagnostics

Mykologie – ein Update Teil 2: Dermatomykosen: Klinisches Bild und Diagnostik

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