Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and model sand surfaces in aqueous solutions: an atomic force microscope (AFM) study

Considine, Robert F.; Dixon, David R.; Drummond, Calum J.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00082-9

Cited by 56 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The purified oocysts were stored in a 0.01% Tween 20-antibiotic solution (Penicillin G, streptomycin sulfate, and amphotericin B) at 4°C until they were used for experiments. The oocyst purification and storage procedures could potentially alter the surface properties of the experimental oocysts compared to those of oocysts found in the environment; however, these procedures are essential for experimental work and are commonly used in most published research on C. parvum oocysts (4,6,13,24). The final concentration of purified oocysts was determined using the enumeration protocol described below, and the oocyst stock solution was diluted to the desired concentration for each experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. parvum oocysts are spherical biological colloids with a surface composed of a complex matrix of glycoproteins (6,14). Oocysts have a negative surface charge under typical environmental conditions (5,6,8,13,14,24,32), likely due to the presence of carboxylate, carboxylic, and phosphate groups on the oocyst surface (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both steric and electrostatic forces can play a role in oocyst association with suspended particles. It has been hypothesized that proteins can extend from the oocyst surface due to charge repulsion between ionizable surface groups, thus giving the oocyst a brushlike conformation (6). This may give rise to steric forces that promote oocyst stabilization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, electrostatic repulsive forces between negatively charged oocysts and suspended sediments, which are also typically negatively charged, may hinder oocyst-particle attachment. However, electrostatic interactions are highly dependent on both solution and surface chemical conditions, so oocyst-particle aggregation can be favored under specific solution chemical conditions or with particular types of particles (6,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association ofCryptosporidium parvumwith Suspended Particles: Impact on Oocyst Sedimentation

Searcy

Packman

Atwill

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The association of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with suspended particles can alter the oocysts' effective physical properties and influence their transport in aquatic systems. To assess this behavior, C. parvum oocysts were mixed with various suspended sediments under a variety of water chemical conditions, and the resulting settling of the oocysts was observed. Direct microscopic observations showed that oocysts attached to suspended sediments. Settling column and batch experiments demonstrated that oocysts are removed from suspension at a much higher rate when associated with sediments. The rate of oocyst sedimentation depended primarily on the type of sediment with which the oocysts were mixed. Changes in background water conditions had a relatively small impact on the extent of oocyst-particle association and the resulting oocyst deposition. We believe that the ubiquitous association of C. parvum oocysts with suspended particles enhances the sedimentation of oocysts in natural waters and that this interaction should generally be considered when predicting the migration of pathogens in the environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Association ofCryptosporidium parvumwith Suspended Particles: Impact on Oocyst Sedimentation

Searcy

Packman

Atwill

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…For germinating spores adhesive interactions were found due to binding of surface polysaccharides to the silicon nitride tips [953]. Considine et al [954][955][956] used AFM measurements with silica AFM tips and a glass colloid probe to study the interaction of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum with silica surfaces. Interactions upon approach showed a steric repulsion and upon retract adhesion due to formation of protein tethering (see Section 8.3.3 and Fig.…”

Section: Cell and Animal Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Butt

Cappella

Kappl

2005

Surface Science Reports

3,245

2,949

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Fate and transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in repacked soil columns: Influence of soil properties and surfactant

Darnault

Peng

et al. 2022

Vadose Zone Journal

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A series of laboratory experiments was performed to investigate the transport and retention of viable C. parvum oocysts in soil columns homogeneously packed with loamy sand soils (Lewiston and Greenson series) and sandy loam soils (Sparta and Gilford series), and under hydrologic conditions involving the presence of an anionic surfactant—Aerosol 22 in artificial rainfall. To characterize the effect of surfactant on the mobility of C. parvum oocysts in the soils used in this study, these results were compared with previous laboratory‐scale column experiments of a previous study using soils contaminated with oocysts, under conditions identical to those described here except for the absence of the surfactant in the percolating water. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection and quantification of C. parvum oocysts in soil leachates to assess their breakthrough and in soil matrices to characterize their spatial distribution. Alterations in the rate and extent of transport of C. parvum oocysts were discerned per the physicochemical parameters analyzed—soil types, soil chemistry, and surfactant—and resulted in either the enhancement or hinderance of C. parvum oocysts adsorption to surfaces, and their movement in soils. In the case of loamy sand soils, the transport of C. parvum oocysts through the soil matrices increased with the application of surfactant for Sparta series and remained at a similar level for Gilford series. Regarding sandy loam soils, the movement of C. parvum oocysts through the soil matrices increased for Greenson series and decreased for Lewiston series with the application of surfactant.

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Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and model sand surfaces in aqueous solutions: an atomic force microscope (AFM) study

Cited by 56 publications

References 28 publications

Association ofCryptosporidium parvumwith Suspended Particles: Impact on Oocyst Sedimentation

Association ofCryptosporidium parvumwith Suspended Particles: Impact on Oocyst Sedimentation

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Fate and transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in repacked soil columns: Influence of soil properties and surfactant

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