OOK Performance for Terrestrial FSO Links in Turbulent Atmosphere with Pointing Errors Modeled by Hoyt Distributions

Hybrid pulse position modulation and binary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity modulation for free space optics in a weak and saturated turbulence channel

“…However, inhomogeneities in the temperature and pressure variation will lead to fluctuations in the refractive index structure of the air, thus resulting in the random fluctuation of the received optical beam intensity (scintillation) and the phase that will lead to severe degradation of the link performance [9][10][11]. In FSO links the atmospheric turbulence induced fading normally last 1-100 μs, which implies the loss of up to 10 9 consecutive bits in a high data rate system [12,13].…”

A Generic Simulation Approach for the Fast and Accurate Estimation of the Outage Probability of Single Hop and Multihop FSO Links Subject to Generalized Pointing Errors

“…In [4], Gappmair et al generalized the Rayleigh model for misalignments by using the Hoyt distribution. In their letter, an approximate expression for the average bit error rate (BER) of an FSO link under Gamma-Gamma turbulence is obtained.…”

Performance Analysis of Heterodyne-Detected OCDMA Systems Using PolSK Modulation over a Free-Space Optical Turbulence Channel

“…Meanwhile, on-off keying (OOK) is often known as a dominant modulation scheme employed in IM/DD FSO communication systems because of the ease of implementation and bandwidth efficiency [1]. However, when an optical beam propagates through the atmosphere, the performance of the system using OOK modulation is highly sensitive to intensity fluctuation [5]. Hence, an adaptive threshold technology is required to achieve an improved performance in the presence of turbulence effects, which thus adds to the complexity of the receiver configuration [6].…”